NUR 350 Chap 38 Gastrointestinal Review Questions and Correct Answers
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Course
NUR 350
Institution
NUR 350
Which gastrointestinal secretion is essential for cobalamin absorption in the ileum?
Maltase
Enterokinase
Intrinsic factor
Hydrochloric acid Intrinsic factor
Intrinsic factor is essential for cobalamin absorption in ileum. Maltase helps convert maltose to two glucose molecules. Hydrochloric ac...
NUR 350 Chap 38 Gastrointestinal
Review Questions and Correct Answers
Which gastrointestinal secretion is essential for cobalamin absorption in the ileum?
Maltase
Enterokinase
Intrinsic factor
Hydrochloric acid ✅Intrinsic factor
Intrinsic factor is essential for cobalamin absorption in ileum. Maltase helps convert
maltose to two glucose molecules. Hydrochloric acid helps in the conversion of
pepsinogen to pepsin. Enterokinase helps in the conversion of trypsinogen to trypsin.
p. 835
Which enzyme causes activation of trypsinogen to trypsin?
Lactase
Maltase
Peptidases
Enterokinase ✅Enterokinase
Enterokinase is secreted in the small intestine and triggers the activation of trypsinogen
to trypsin. Lactase causes the conversion of lactose to glucose and galactose. Maltase
causes the conversion of maltose to two glucose molecules. Peptidases help in protein
digestion.
p. 835
Upon reviewing the laboratory reports of a patient, the nurse finds that the patient has
decreased release of pancreatic digestive enzymes. Which hormone deficiency does
the patient likely have?
,Gastrin
Secretin
Cholecystokinin
Gastric inhibitory peptide ✅Cholecystokinin
Cholecystokinin stimulates the release of pancreatic digestive enzymes to break down
proteins and fats. Therefore a deficiency of cholecystokinin can result in impaired
secretion of pancreatic digestive enzymes. Secretin is secreted by the duodenal
mucosa and stimulates pancreatic bicarbonate secretion. Gastrin stimulates gastric acid
secretion and motility. Gastric inhibitory peptide inhibits gastric acid secretion and
motility.
p. 836
What is the function of the hormone ghrelin?
Fat digestion
Appetite stimulation
Breakdown of proteins
Breakdown of starches to maltose ✅Appetite stimulation
Ghrelin is released from the stomach mucosa; it stimulates appetite. Lipase causes fat
digestion. Pepsin breaks down proteins. Ptyalin breaks down starches to maltose.
p. 834
The nurse is interviewing a patient with chronic constipation. The nurse finds that the
patient performs a Valsalva maneuver to facilitate passing of feces. How is this
maneuver helpful in aiding the elimination process?
It stimulates peristalsis
It increases intraabdominal pressure
It stimulates the parasympathetic nerve fibers
It initiates the gastrocolic and the duodenocolic reflex ✅It increases intraabdominal
pressure
,The Valsalva maneuver involves contraction of the chest muscles with closed glottis
and simultaneous contraction of the abdominal muscles. This increases the
intraabdominal pressure, which facilitates defecation. The Valsalva maneuver does not
stimulate peristalsis, stimulate the parasympathetic nerve fibers, or initiate the
gastrocolic and duodenocolic reflex. Peristalsis, which propels the food towards the
rectum, refers to the contraction of the smooth muscles of the intestine. The stimulation
of parasympathetic nerve fibers from the sacral portions of the spinal cord relaxes the
internal anal sphincter. It also contracts the rectal muscles leading to defecation. The
gastrocolic and the duodenocolic reflex stimulate propulsive peristalsis in the large
intestine.
p. 836
An older patient tells the nurse, "My mouth is dry a lot, and the food I eat tastes bland."
The nurse suspects that the patient's concerns are caused by what age-related
changes?
Increased appetite
Decreased sense of smell
Decreased bowel sensation
Decreased salivary production
Decreased number of taste buds ✅Decreased sense of smell
Decreased salivary production
Decreased number of taste buds
Decreased taste bud function, decreased sense of smell, and decreased salivary
production are anticipated physiologic changes related to a normal aging process.
These natural occurrences can cause mouth dryness and a change in the sense of
taste. For older adults, there is typically a decrease in appetite and decreased bowel
sensation, which causes symptoms such as constipation. The decreased bowel
sensation is not directly relevant to this patient's chief complaint.
p. 839
A patient is scheduled for a barium swallow test to diagnose abnormalities in the
esophagus. Which instruction should the nurse include when preparing the patient for
this procedure?
, Avoid smoking 1 hour before the test.
Maintain a clear liquid diet for 8 hours before the test.
Stools may remain white for up to 72 hours after the test.
It is important to lie still during the 30 minutes it will take for test to be completed.
✅Stools may remain white for up to 72 hours after the test.
A barium swallow study is a radiographic study in which the patient drinks a contrast
medium. The stool may be white up to 72 hours after the procedure as a part of
elimination of the contrast. Patients should avoid smoking after midnight. The patient
should be NPO for at least 8 hours before the test. The patient will assume various
positions on the x-ray table.
p. 847
Inspection of an older patient's mouth reveals the presence of white, curd-like lesions on
the patient's tongue. The nurse suspects that the condition is caused by what?
Herpes virus
Candida albicans
Vitamin deficiency
Irritation from ill-fitting dentures ✅Candida albicans
White, curd-like lesions surrounded by erythematous mucosa are associated with oral
candidiasis. Herpesvirus causes benign vesicular lesions in the mouth. Vitamin
deficiencies may cause a reddened, ulcerated, swollen tongue. Irritation from ill-fitting
dentures will cause friable, edematous, painful, bleeding gingivae.
p. 846
The nurse plans care for an older patient who experiences constipation. Which
gastrointestinal organ is responsible for secreting mucous to lubricate the bowel
mucosa?
Liver
Pancreas
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