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NURS 5315 Exam 2* Questions and Answers 2024 ( A+ GRADED 100% VERIFIED).
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NURS 5315 Exam 2* Questions and Answers 2024 ( A+ GRADED 100% VERIFIED).
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NURS 5315 Exam 2*What is the normal function of T-lymphocyte's (T-cells)
~responsible for cell-mediated immunity/response
~Named for expression of antigen "cluster of differentiation (CD)"
CD4 Cells (T-4 cells)
~T-helper cells. release lymphokines that begin inflammatory processes.
~ Mediate delayed sensitivity.
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CD8 Cells (cytotoxic T cells) (Killer T's)
Kill virus infected cells, tumor cells, and allograft cells (transplant tissue) by releasing cytotoxic
chemicals that destroy cell membrane or induce apoptosis.
Memory T cells
allow host to remember antigen and respond quicker and more vigorously after initial exposure
T-regulatory Cells
Slow or stop immune response after its defeat.
B Cells
~Responsible for Humoral Immune response
~Mature into plasma cells that produce antibodies.
(IgG, IgE, IgM, IgA, IgD)
,Function of humoral immunity
Offered by B cells. Immunity is provided against some viral infections, toxin induced diseases
and diseases caused by pneumococci, meningococcal, or haemophilus.
Function of Cell mediated immunity
Provided by T-Cells. Immunity is provided against infection from bacteria and viruses. Fungal
infections, parasitic infections, tumors are defended by cell mediated immunity. Cell mediated
immunity is responsible however for the rejection of all organ transplants.
Describe the action of active immunity
state of immunity that is obtained after exposure to an antigen. Improvement with repeat
exposure and is specific to the antigen. Based on vaccination, after the host is exposed to the
antigen or immunization, active acquired immunity is produced.
Describe the action of passive immunity
obtained after antibodies, or T-cells are transferred to the recipient. This occurs in mother-fetus
relationships through the placenta or breast milk. Artificial passive immunity is possible through
the recipient receiving antibodies after exposure as in rabies, tetanus, hepatitis and take bites.
Immunity is offered after exposure and lasts only as long as the antibodies live, approximately 2
weeks.
Antigen purpose and importance
A molecule that can react with antibodies or antigen receptors on B and T cells.
what's a Self-antigen purpose and importance
It is appropriate in size, has adequate chemical complexity, and is present in sufficient
quantities, but it's not foreign to the body. Does NOT normally elicit an immune response.
what is an allergens purpose and importance
antigens that produce an allergic response.
what is the B-lymphocyte: IgA function and implication in practice
Function: ~main immunoglobulin in secretions and mucous membranes.
~ prevent attachment of microorganisms to mucus membranes.
~divided to 2 sub-classes: IgA1 and IgA2
, ~IgA1 are found mostly in blood and IgA2 are found in normal body secretions
Implications: ~ Secretory piece attached to the IgA inside mucosal epithelial cells may function
to protect these immunoglobulins against degradation by enzymes also found in the secretions.
what is the B-lymphocyte: IgM function and implication in practice
Function: ~main immune globulin produced early in the primary immune response.
~ Largest of the immunoglobulins and exists as a pentamer, stabilized by the joining chain.
Implications: ~ High levels of IgM indicate a recent infection.
~synthesized early in neonatal life, its synthesis may be increased as a response to infection in
utero.
what is the B-lymphocyte: IgG function and implication in practice
Function: ~most prominent/abundant immune globulin (80-85%).
~Binds with viruses, bacteria, and toxins.
~Primary antibody in the second immune response.
Implications: Levels rise in response to subsequent exposure.
~the ONLY immunoglobulin that crosses the placenta
~maternal IgG is the major class of antibodies found in the blood of the fetus and newborn.
what is the B-lymphocyte: IgE function and implication in practice
Function: ~Binds to mast cells, eosinophils and basophils.
~least concentrated in the circulation
Implications: ~Functions as mediator of many common allergic responses.
~defense against parasitic infections.
what is the T-lymphocyte: T-cytotoxic cells (CD8) function
~AKA. killer Ts, or T8 cells
~ kill virus infected cells, tumors, and allograft cells by releasing cytotoxic chemicals. This
destroys cell membranes leading to apoptosis.
~ NK cells express inhibitory receptors, which bind to MHC class I, NK cells will bind to class
and inhibitory signals will result.
what is the T-lymphocyte: NK killer cells function
~ Complement effects of the T cells
~special group of lymphoid cells similar to T cells but do not undergo maturation in the thymus
and lack antigen-specific receptors.
~NK cells express inhibitory receptors, which bind to MHC class I. IF the target cell continues to
express MHC class I, NK cells will bind to class and inhibitory signal will result.
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