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Child growth and development Exam study guide Questions and Answers
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5 Principles of Development use your hand to remember - Answer-All areas of development are interrelated Development proceeds from general to specific Development is continuous Development Is similar for all Development proceeds at different rates Development - Answer-Increase in complexity ...

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  • August 31, 2024
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  • 2024/2025
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Child growth and development Exam
study guide Questions and Answers
5 Principles of Development use your hand to remember - Answer-All areas of
development are interrelated Development proceeds from general to specific
Development is continuous
Development Is similar for all
Development proceeds at different rates

Development - Answer-Increase in complexity , a change from simple to more complex
EX: baby rolls over- sits up- crawls -walks
Development sequence is similar for all

Growth - Answer-Specific body changes & increases in a child's size such as height ,
weight , head size , body mass Growth proceeds from Head->down, center ->outward
-First year : Infant grows 10 inches & triples birth weight
2-3 years : Toddler grows 5 inches a year Usually

Puberty - Answer-Usually occurs in girls around 8-13 years old & boys 10-15

Typical growth - Answer-Supported by adequate sleep, good nutrition, regular exercise

Window of Opportunity = birth through 5 years
** All early interactions with a child have an effect on the child's development . -
Answer--Certain periods of time when children are especially receptive to their
surroundings -Interactions with children are tied to brain development and learning,
which will directly affect the achievement of developmental milestones

Developmental Disability - Answer-a chronic condition that is diagnosed in childhood
and substantially limits major life activities in adulthood

ADA - Answer-American with Disabilities Act
Law provides same rights and equal access for all individuals

Autism & Down syndrome common disabilities - Answer-Autism- a brain-based
neurological (brain) disorders characterized by social impairments and communication
difficulties
Down syndrome- a (genetic) disorder that results in physical characteristics and
intellectual impairments

Positive Behavior Supports-
best way to deal with challenging behaviors - Answer--Prevention- is a strategy that
STOPS challenging behaviors before they begin

, -Redirection-is a strategy that is used to GUIDE children's behavior by recognizing
challenging behavior at its earliest stages and taking steps to stop it from escalating.
-Positive reinforcement-is a strategy in which desired behaviors are REWARDED so
that the child is encouraged to repeat them.

Theory - Answer-Set of facts and relationships between facts that can explain and
predict related phenomena

Marlow's hierarchy of needs theory - Answer-The lowest levels of needs must be met
before higher needs can be accomplished .
1. Physical
2. Comfort and Safety
3. Social: Love/Belonging
4. Self - Esteem
5. Self-Actualization:
Successfully meeting the needs at each level results in fulfilling one's life with purpose
and meaning

Erickson emotional & personality theory - Answer-Eight conflicts that must be resolved
at stages of throughout life.
Infant: Trust vs. Mistrust
Toddler: Autonomy vs. Shame & Doubt Preschool : Initiative vs. Guilt School Age:
Industry vs. Inferiority (remember school is their industry

Piaget's Congnitive Theory - Answer-Four stages that explain how children interact with
their environment to construct knowledge.
Each stage represents a change from one type of thought or behavior to another and
builds on the stage before.
1. Sensorimotor: Infant and toddlers use senses/motor to think
2. Preoperational: 2-7 year olds have illogical thoughts
3. Concrete operational: 7-11 year olds think logically
4. Formal operational: 11+ have abstract thoughts

Vygotsky's sociocultural theory of cognitive development - Answer-Focuses on the
connections between people and the culture in which they interact . The culture that
surrounds children and their social interaction leads to changes in their learning and
behavior .

Five influences on development - Answer-1. Environment
2. Heredity
3. Birth order- affects how child sees himself
4. Health status- critical influence from the pre-natal through each age/stage , child in
good health has a better opportunity to grow than an unhealthy child
5. Developmental Obstacles- vary but all affect development

Environment can hinder or help development - Answer-Nutrition

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