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Radiology Review- Kettering Notes Exam 2024/2025 Questions With Completed & Verified Solutions.
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Radiology Review- Kettering Notes Exam 2024/2025 Questions With Completed & Verified Solutions.
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Radiology Review- Kettering NotesPhotographic factors - ANS receptor exposure
contrast
Receptor exposure - ANS the overall amount of x rays to reach the IR
Contrast - ANS difference in adjacent areas
shades of gray
Main controlling factor of receptor exposure is _______ - ANS mAs
Geometric factors - ANS recorded detail
distortion
Recorded detail also known as: - ANS spatial resolution
As mAs increases radiographic receptor exposure ______ - ANS increases
Reciprocity law: - ANS Relationship will fail when exposure times are LESS than 10 msec of
longer than 5 sec
Change in beam intensity refers to: - ANS change in distance
Radiographic receptor exposure varies ____ with changes in distance - ANS indirectly
Direct square law refers to: - ANS maintaining a constant receptor exposure when there has
been a change in distance
Percent Rule: - ANS As 15% (increase/ decrease) in kVp, keeping all other factors the same,
will result in (doubling/ halving) receptor exposure
-- within 60-90 kVp range
If your contrast is an issue: - ANS use 15% rule + mAs changes
80 kVp @ 30 mAs 100 cm SID
Receptor exposure sufficient, contrast too low, you need to: - ANS decrease 15 % & double
mAs = 92 kVp @ 60 mAs
80 kVp @ 30 mAs 100 cm SID
,Receptor exposure needs to be maintained while increasing contrast, you need to: - ANS
decrease 15% & double mAs= 68 kVp @ 60 mAs
80 kVp @ 30 mAs 100 cm SID
Contrast needs to be decreased, you: - ANS increases 15%, 1/2 mAs = 92 kVp @ 15 mAs
Grid ratio: - ANS height/ distance
What are grids? - ANS beam attenuators
As grid ratio increases, receptor exposure _____ - ANS decreases
When is grid used? - ANS parts larger than 10 cm
How do you maintain receptor exposure when adding grid? - ANS change in mAs depending
on grid ratio formula
Why is an increase in mAs needed when using a grid? - ANS To maintain receptor exposure,
due to the clean up effect of grids less scatter will interact decreasing the fogging effect
Increasing mAs when using grid, ___ patient dose - ANS increases
Non: grid MF - ANS 1
5:1: MF - ANS 2
6:1 MF - ANS 3
8:1 MF - ANS 4
10::1 MF - ANS 5
16:1 MF - ANS 6
Grid conversion formula - ANS old mAs/ new mAs = old conversion/ new converstion
When converting from an 8:1 grid to 12:1 grid, radiographer would need to increase the mAs
from 20 to ____ in order to maintain receptor exposure - ANS 25 mAs
What are filters? - ANS beam attenuators; decrease skin exposure to patient
,As amount of filtration in the path of the beam increases the amount of radiation available to
expose the image receptor will ___, resulting in ___ in receptor expsoure. - ANS decrease:
decrease
As thickness of part increases, beam attenuation ____, and receptor exposure will ____ - ANS
increases
decreases
As atomic number of object increases, attenuation will ____, yielding a __ in receptor exposure -
ANS increase
decrease
As specific gravity increases attenuation will ____, yielding a ___ in receptor exposure - ANS
increase
decrease
Additive disease will cause an (increase/ decrease) in amount of beam attenuation, resulting in
a (increase/ decrease) of receptor exposure - ANS increase
decrease
Destructive disease will ____ amount of beam attenuation, yielding an : - ANS increase in
receptor exposure
Increasing the collimation (beam restriction) results in :
____ field size
____ receptor exposure
____ scatter - ANS decrease
decrease
decrease
Edema (A or D) - ANS additive
Tumors (A or D) - ANS additive
Atrophy (A or D) - ANS destructive; muscle loss
Atelectasis (A or D) - ANS additive; collapsed or incomplete expansion
Cardiomegaly (A or D) - ANS additive; large heart
Emphysema (A or D) - ANS destructive; large lungs
Pneumothorax (A or D) - ANS destructive; additive air
, Congestive heart failure (A or D) - ANS additive;
Pleural Effusion (A or D) - ANS additive; fluid in pleural cavity
Pnemumonia (A or D) - ANS additive
Tuberculosis (A or D) - ANS additive; apices (lungs)
Ascites (A or D) - ANS additive; build up of fluid in abdomen
Bowl Obstruction (A or D) - ANS destructive; air accumulation
Hydrocephalus (A or D) - ANS additive; water in brain
Carcinoma (A or D) - ANS destructive; epithelial cells
Degenerative arthritis (A or D) - ANS destructive
Paget's Disease (A or D) - ANS additive; white bright spots (look like cotton balls)
Gout (A or D) - ANS destructive; uric acid build up
Multiple myeloma (A or D) - ANS destructive;
Osteomalacia (A or D) - ANS destructive; weak/ soft bone
Osteoporosis (A or D) - ANS destructive: spongy bones has holes
Immature --> mature
- fetus
- zygote
- neonate
- embryo - ANS - zygote
- embryo
- fetus
- neonate
Anode heel effect - ANS increase in beam intensity toward cathode end & decreases intensity
towards anode end
FAT CAT - ANS places thickest portion or anatomy toward cathode end
Increase grid ratio. ____ receptor exposure - ANS decrease
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