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NURS 611 Exam 2: Questions & Detailed Solutions (A+)
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NURS 611 Exam 2: Questions & Detailed Solutions (A+)
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NURS 611 Exam 2: Questions & Detailed Solutions (A+)What is the Mesoderm? Right Ans - The middle embryonic germ layer from
which most childhood cancers arise.
SIADH & ADH relationship Right Ans - Abnormally high ADH secretion
causing water retention & hyponatremia
Diabetes insipidus & ADH relationship Right Ans - Abnormally low ADH
secretion causing excess urination (dilute) and excess thirst
What does ADH do? Right Ans - Anti-Diuretic Hormone - increases water
resorption, constricts vessels (also called vasopressin). Released when blood
osmolality increases or blood volume/pressure decreases.
Hypothyroid: Activity and labs Right Ans - Hashimoto's disease or injury to
thyroid. Underactive thyroid: Elevated TSH, Low T3/T4 (constipation,
bradycardia, dyspnea, & lethargy)
Hyperthyroid: activity and labs Right Ans - Graves Disease: Autoimmune;
Overactive thyroid due to thyroid stimulating immunoglobulins (TSI) binding
to TSH receptors leading to release of T3/T4. TSH level is usually low.
Hyperparathyroidism Right Ans - Hallmark manifestation: Hypercalcemia
& Hypophosphatemia (Fatigue, HA, Renal calculi, muscle spasms)
Hypoparathyroidism Right Ans - Hypocalcemia, hyperphosphatemia,
decreased bone resorption
What does Parathyroid Hormone do? Right Ans - Break down bone,
releasing calcium into the bloodstream. Also stimulates kidney to resorb Ca+
while increasing PO4 & bicarb excretion.
What does ACTH do? Right Ans - Pituitary gland secretes ACTH which
stimulates adrenal gland (top of kidneys) to secrete glucocorticoids (cortisol).
What does cortisol do? Right Ans - Raises blood glucose while suppressing
insulin secretion; Inhibit protein synthesis (poor muscle mass) & inhibit
immune response (anti-inflammatory).
, Cushing's Disease patho Right Ans - Excess cortisol released from adrenal
cortex (Moon face, buffalo hump, gynecomastia, hyperglycemia, purple striae)
Addison's Disease patho Right Ans - Lack of cortisol released
(Hypoglycemia, hypotension, weight loss, decreased appetite, adrenal crisis
possible)
Nephrogenic Diabetes Insipidus Right Ans - When the kidneys do not
respond to the secreted ADH
Hyperthyroid Symptoms Right Ans - Increased metabolic rate, tachycardia,
anxious, heat intolerance, muscle weakness, pretibial myxedema, possible
exophthalmos, goiter
Hypothyroid Symptoms Right Ans - Weight gain, cold intolerance, lethargy,
dry skin/hair, constipation, memory problems, depression.
Diabetes Type I patho Right Ans - Auto immune disease; Pancreatic
dysfunction with beta cell destruction. Insulin dependence.
Diabetes Type II patho Right Ans - Metabolic disease; Decreased pancreatic
insulin secretion and increased insulin resistance
The main contributor to insulin resistance and diabetes? Right Ans -
Obesity
Diabetic Ketoacidosis patho Right Ans - D/T severe lack of insulin, body
cannot use glucose for energy so instead breaks down fat, leading to ketone
production, an acidic byproduct, causing the blood to become acidic.
Symptoms include excessive thirst, frequent urination (ketonuria), abdominal
pain, nausea, vomiting (acids), and rapid breathing (Kussmaul respirations).
More common in DM Type 1.
Hyperosmolar Hyperglycemic Nonketotic Syndrome (HHNKS) patho Right
Ans - Extremely high blood sugar levels, severe dehydration, and increased
blood osmolarity without significant ketosis. Often triggered by infections,
inadequate diabetes management, or certain medications. Symptoms include
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