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Maryville NURS 611 Patho Exam 1: Questions & Correct Answers
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Maryville NURS 611 Patho Exam 1: Questions & Correct Answers
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Maryville NURS 611 Patho Exam 1: Questions & CorrectAnswers
A programmed cell death that is regulated or programmed. Cellular self-
destruction for elimination or unwanted cell populations Right Ans -
Apoptosis
Rapid loss of the plasma membrane structure, organelle swelling,
mitochondria dysfunction Right Ans - Necrosis
hypoxia Right Ans - What is the #1 cause of cellular injury leading to
necrosis (especially the kidney and heart)
ischemia Right Ans - What is the #1 cause of hypoxia?
nucleus Right Ans - Main component of a cell
nucleolus Right Ans - What does the nucleus contain?
RNA, most of cellular DNA, DNA binding proteins, and histones Right Ans -
What is the nucleolus composed of?
histones bind to DNA and fold it into chromosomes (chromatin) which is
essential for cell division Right Ans - Why are histone important?
RNA-protein complexes (nucleoproteins) that are synthesized in the nucleolus
and secreted into the cytoplasm through pores in the nuclear envelope called
nuclear pore complexes (NPCs) Right Ans - What are ribosomes?
cytoplasm and rough ER Right Ans - Where can ribosomes be found?
provides sits for cellular protein synthesis Right Ans - what are ribosomes
chief function?
a network of flatten, smooth membranes and vesicles frequently located near
the nucleus of the cell Right Ans - What is the Golgi apparatus (complex)?
,takes proteins from the ER and processes/packages them into small
membrane-bound vesicles called "secretory vesicles, and refines and directs
traffic in the cell Right Ans - What does the Golgi apparatus do?
maintain cellular health by removal of toxic cellular components, removal of
useless organelles, termination of signal transduction, and signals cellular
adaption Right Ans - What are lysosomes and what do they do?
leads to progressive loss of lysosomal efficiency which declines the
regenerative capacity of organs and tissue Right Ans - How does aging
affect lysosomes?
nutrient abundance, energy levels, and cell stressors and will translate them
into instructions that regulate cellular metabolism toward either proliferation
or inactivity Right Ans - What functions do lysosomal components
integrate?
cellular respiration, cellular metabolism , and energy production Right Ans
- What is mitochondria responsible for?
enzymes of the respiratory chain and are essential to the process of oxidative
phosphorylation that generates most of the cell's ATP Right Ans - What
does the inner membrane of mitochondria contain?
1- metabolic
2- urea and heme synthesis
3- carbs, proteins, and lipids Right Ans - The mitochondrial matrix contains
what kind of pathways (1), involve what two things (2), and metabolizes what
three things (3)?
carbs, proteins, and lipids Right Ans - What can accumulate intracellularly
caused by stresses form metabolic dearangements?
occurs in early development. ex: thymus glad during childhood Right Ans -
What is physiologic atrophy?
occurs as a result of decreases in workload, use, pressure, blood supply,
nutrition, and hormonal stimulation.
, Ex: Shrinking of gonads in an adolescent pt in response to decreased
hormonal stimulation. and an pt immobilized in bed for a prolonged time
Right Ans - What is pathologic atrophy?
increase in cell size Right Ans - what is hypertrophy?
hypertrophy of myocardial cells from endurance training Right Ans -
Example of beneficial physiologic hypertrophy?
cardiomegaly in a hypertensive patient Right Ans - example of pathologic
hypertrophy
increase in the number of cells Right Ans - What is hyperplasia?
regeneration of the liver Right Ans - example of compensatory
hyperplasia?
endometrial tissue Right Ans - example of pathological hyperplasia
enlargement of the uterus during pregnancy Right Ans - example of
hormonal hyperplasia
replacement of the cells Right Ans - What is metaplasia?
normal columnar ciliated epithelial cells of the bronchial lining being replaced
by squamous cells. can be reversed if irritant stopped Right Ans - example
of metaplasia
ATP functions as the energy-transferring molecule Right Ans - cellular
metabolism- what molecule gives us energy?
a reduction of ATP levels (ATP needs oxygen) that causes the Na+/K+ pump
and Na+/Ca exchange to fail, leading to intracellular accumulation of Sodium
and calcium and diffusion of K+ out of the cell . Sodium and water can enter
cell freely causing cellular swelling Right Ans - During ischemia, what effect
does the loss of ATP have on the cells?
A molecule that is unstable and highly reactive because it contains unpaired
electrons. To stabilize, it gives up or takes a electron making it capable of
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