BIO 669 EXAM GUIDE QUESTIONS WITH
VERIFIED ANSWERS
The ventilation-perfusion ratio is the same in the lung apex and the lung base in a
standing normal person. True or False - Answer-False. In a standing normal person, the
ventilation-perfusion ratio is higher in the lung base compared to the lung apex. This is
due to the effects of gravity, which leads to better ventilation at the base of the lungs
where perfusion is also relatively higher.
Vital Capacity is comprised of all of the following volumes EXCEPT:
Residual Volume
Tidal Volume
Inspiratory reserve volume
Expiratory reserve volume - Answer-Residual Volume, Vital Capacity is the maximum
amount of air a person can expel from the lungs after a maximum inhalation.
It includes Tidal Volume, Inspiratory Reserve Volume, and Expiratory Reserve Volume.
Residual Volume, however, is the volume of air still remaining in the lungs after the
most forcible expiration.
How is most of the CO2 transported in the blood? - Answer-As bicarbonate (HCO3-)
that can be converted back to CO2.
Most of the CO2 in the blood is transported in the form of bicarbonate ions (HCO3-)
dissolved in the plasma. This bicarbonate can be converted back to CO2 in tissues
where it is needed for elimination through respiration.
The amount of quiet inhalation/exhalation in a typical breath is termed what? - Answer-
Tidal Volume
How is alveolar volume measured? - Answer-indirectly by measuring PaO2 or PaCO2.
Which of the following does NOT have cartilage as part of its structure?
Right mainstem bronchus
Respiratory Bronchioles
Trachea
Segmented bronchioles - Answer-Respiratory bronchioles do not have cartilage as part
of their structure. Cartilage is present in the trachea and the mainstem bronchi but is
gradually reduced in the smaller airways, such as the bronchioles, and is absent in the
respiratory bronchioles.
Which of the following pulmonary conditions would not be considered as an Acute Lung
Injury (ALI)/Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS)
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