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Exam (elaborations)

Kaiser EKG Test Exam Study Guide.

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  • August 31, 2024
  • 13
  • 2024/2025
  • Exam (elaborations)
  • Questions & answers
  • Kaiser EKG
  • Kaiser EKG
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Lectjoe
Kaiser EKG Test Exam Study Guide.
depolarization - - inside of cell becomes positive, outside negative
- contraction
- na+ channel opens
- ELECTRICAL

Repolarization - movement of cells = inside is negative again
- An+ channels close, k+ channels open
- MECHANICAL

P wave
Qtrs. wave
T wave - - (p) atrial depolarization
- (qtrs.) ventricular depolarization
- (t) Ventricular repolarization

Refractory period - per of time where cardiac cells cannot respond to stimulus

Absolute refractory period - beginning of qtrs. to peak of t wave

Relative refractory (vulnerable per of repolarization) - - cardiac cells have repolarized
enough to respond to strong stimulus
- During this per a strong stimulus may overtake the pacemaker of the heart
- Ex. PVC during vulnerable period may turn into vetch or torsades
- Prolonged QT interval ink possibility

Causes of prolonged at intervals - Haldol, bradycardia, hypokalemia

Automaticity - ability of pacemaker cells to initiate electrical impulse

Excitability - ability of muscle cells to respond to outside stimulus

Conductivity - ability to receive electrical stimulus and conduct impulse to adjacent cells

Contraction - cardiac cells shorten = muscular contraction in response to electrical
stimulus

as node - - primary pacemaker of heart
- 60-90 bpm

av node - delay = atrial contraction + ventricular filling
- 40-60 bpm

bundle of his - ability to self initiate electrical activity

, - 40-60 bpm

purkinje fibers - network of fibers that carry electrical impulse to ventricular muscle cells
- 20-40 bpm

NSR
Brady
Tachy
SVT
Junctional
Ventricular rhythm - NSR 60-100
Brady 40-60
Tachy >100
SVT >150
Junctional 40-60
Ventricular rhythm 20 - 40

PR interval - 0.12-0.20
beginning of p to beginning of qrs

qrs interval - < 0.12
beginning of q to end of s

qt interval - beginning of q to end of t
- heart rate dependent

is rhythm regular or irregular - measure interval between R waves

ventricular rate - - count # of qrs complexes

atrial rate - - count # of p waves

causes of bradycardia - - vagal
- dig, beta blockers
- compensatory response in acute MI
- ischemic heart disease
- sick sinus. synd
- inc intracranial pressure

bradycardia symptoms - hypotension, AMS, signs of shock, ischemic chest discomfort,
HF

bradycardia tx - atropine
- 1 mg q3-5min
- max dose 3 mg

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