Kaiser EKG Test Exam Study Guide.
depolarization - - inside of cell becomes positive, outside negative
- contraction
- na+ channel opens
- ELECTRICAL
Repolarization - movement of cells = inside is negative again
- An+ channels close, k+ channels open
- MECHANICAL
P wave
Qtrs. wave
T wave - - (p) atrial depolarization
- (qtrs.) ventricular depolarization
- (t) Ventricular repolarization
Refractory period - per of time where cardiac cells cannot respond to stimulus
Absolute refractory period - beginning of qtrs. to peak of t wave
Relative refractory (vulnerable per of repolarization) - - cardiac cells have repolarized
enough to respond to strong stimulus
- During this per a strong stimulus may overtake the pacemaker of the heart
- Ex. PVC during vulnerable period may turn into vetch or torsades
- Prolonged QT interval ink possibility
Causes of prolonged at intervals - Haldol, bradycardia, hypokalemia
Automaticity - ability of pacemaker cells to initiate electrical impulse
Excitability - ability of muscle cells to respond to outside stimulus
Conductivity - ability to receive electrical stimulus and conduct impulse to adjacent cells
Contraction - cardiac cells shorten = muscular contraction in response to electrical
stimulus
as node - - primary pacemaker of heart
- 60-90 bpm
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