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Child Growth and Development Final Exam 38 Questions with Verified Answers,100% CORRECT
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Child Growth and Development Final Exam 38 Questions with Verified Answers
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Child Growth and Development Final Exam 38 Questionswith Verified Answers
How do children develop a sense of their gender identity and how does their
understanding of gender change over time? - CORRECT ANSWER - 3 years of age,
associate self with gender
- 5 years believe gender stays the same
Be able to talk about both the cognitive-developmental theory and social-learning
theory of gender role development. - CORRECT ANSWER - Kohlberg's Cognitive-
Developmental Theory: Child notices physical and behavioral cues, then identifies
themselves. Three Stages are Gender Identity (2-3), Gender Stability (4-5), Gender
Constancy (5-7)
- Two Ways: Watch & Imitate behavior of others (Parent) or Receive Awards or
punishments for gender behavior (Parent, Sibling, Teacher, Coach)
To what extent and in what areas are their gender differences in children's
behavior and development? - CORRECT ANSWER - Agression: Boys more
- Activity Level: Boys more
- Friendships: Boys more big groups
- Academics: Boys = math, Girls = English
- Anxiety and Depression: Girls more
What is gender constancy and what is necessary for children to have it? -
CORRECT ANSWER The ability to understand gender won't change with superficial
changes. Have to have gender identity, gender stability, and gender consistency
What does the research suggest about when children should be allowed to
transition genders, if they want to? What does the research say about gender
understanding among children who are transgender? - CORRECT ANSWER -
Transition younger. Better mental health.
-Transgender children believe gender is more fluid
, What is the classic way that self-recognition has been assessed among young
children? When do children show signs of self-recognition? What helps children
develop self-awareness? - CORRECT ANSWER - Assessed via Mirror Self-
Recognition
- Usually around 18 months to 2 years
- Sensitive care-givers and Joint attention
What is theory of mind? How is it assessed and when do children show signs of it?
- CORRECT ANSWER - Ability to differentiate the beliefs of others and yourself
- Assessed by false-belief tasks (Sally-Anne task and 3 mountains Task)
- Show signs around 3-4 years
How do children's self-concepts change over time? - CORRECT ANSWER - Early
Childhood: observable characteristics
- Middle Childhood: personality traits and competencies
- Adolescence: Wider array of traits, differentiated self
How does self-esteem change across development? What are the reasons for
these changes? - CORRECT ANSWER - Preschool: High (No social comparisons)
- Middle Childhood: Lower (Social Comparisons in 4 areas; sports, appearance,
social, academics)
- Adolescence: Low, then High ( Physical Changes, school transition) and cognitive
changes
What does the research say about gender and racial group differences in self-
esteem? - CORRECT ANSWER - Gender: not much
- Race: African-Americans have higher self-esteems
What are the different stages of identity development? - CORRECT ANSWER -
Identity Diffusion (no goals), Identity Foreclosure (goals of others, no
commitment), Identity Moratorium (exploring own goals), Identity Achievement
(your goals and committed)
How do children change in their emotion expression? Be able to describe their
development regarding each of the basic emotions we talked about (happiness,
sadness, etc.) - CORRECT ANSWER - Happiness: First social smile around 6-10
weeks, laugh at 3-4 months
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