NURS 5315 | NURS5315 FINAL EXAM |
ADVANCED PATHOPHYSIOLOGY EXAM
| QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS GRADED
A+ | LATEST 2024/2025
A 40-year-old African American female presents with a complaint of a
discoid, malar rash, photosensitivity, and oral ulcers. Which of the following
pathological processes best explains the patient s symptoms?
A T-cell mediated immune response has been initiated secondary to the
presence of an antigen.
A deficiency in complement proteins has resulted in a streptococcal skin
infection.
A foreign antigen has triggered an immediate IgE immune response.
Antibody nucleic acid immune complexes are deposited throughout the
body and trigger an immune response.
Rationale: The clinical scenario is consistent with systemic lupus
erythematosus (SLE). The pathophysiology of SLE is characterized by the
formation of autoantibodies to cellular nucleic acids. Option A is an example
of solid organ transplant rejection. Option B is an example of an immune
deficiency. Option C is an example of an allergic reaction.
Which example is the best representation of innate immunity?
PPD reaction
,An IgE mediated allergic response
Intact mucous membranes
Autoantibodies form against cellular DNA
Rationale: Intact mucous membranes are an example of innate immunity.
The skin and mucous membranes are the first line of defense against
infection. The other options are examples of adapative immunity.
Which opportunistic infection is the most common in persons with AIDS and
a CD4 count below 200?
Pneumocystis Jiroveci Pneumonia
Community Acquired Pneumonia
Disseminated mycobacterium avium complex
Cytomegalovirus infection
Rationale: Pneumocystis Jiroveci Pneumonia is the most common OI to
occurs in AIDS patients with a CD4 count less than 200. CAP is not an
opportunistic infection.
A patient has had active Crohn disease for 1 month. Which abnormality is
most consistent with this scenario?
Increased IL-13 levels
Decreased IL-4 levels
Activation of H2 receptors
Decreased platelet counts
, Rationale: IL-4 is released in acute inflammation and IL-13 is released later
in the inflammatory process. Platelets are increased during inflammatory
episodes and the activation of H2 receptors has anti-inflammatory
properties.
Which patient requires treatment with antibiotics for a prolonged period of
time?
A patient with mycobacterium avium complex.
A patient with community acquired MRSA.
A patient with oral candidiasis.
A patient with measles.
Rationale: Mycobacterium avium complex is caused by an acid fast bacilli.
These bacteria have extremely thick cell walls which inhibits nutrients or
antibiotics from entering the cell easily; therefore, this patient requires a
prolonged course of antibiotics to effectively treat this condition. Oral
candidiasis is a fungal infection, measles is a viral infection and neither are
treated with antibiotics. MRSA does not necessary require long term
treatment with antibiotics.
Diapedesis is an essential function of which cell?
White Blood Cells
Platelets
Red Blood Cells
Epithelial cells
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