Clinical Nutrition exam 2024 with 100% correct answers
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Course
Clinical Nutrition
Institution
Clinical Nutrition
What is the pathophysiology for GERD? correct answersRelaxation of gastroesophogeal sphincter allowing reflux of gastric acid & pepsin into the esophagus
What are the signs & symptoms of GERD? correct answers1. Dysphagia
2. Heartburn
3. Increased salivation
4. Belching
5. Pain radiating back...
What is the pathophysiology for GERD? correct answersRelaxation of gastroesophogeal sphincter
allowing reflux of gastric acid & pepsin into the esophagus
What are the signs & symptoms of GERD? correct answers1. Dysphagia
2. Heartburn
3. Increased salivation
4. Belching
5. Pain radiating back, neck, or jaw
How can sphincter tone in GERD cases be improved? correct answers1. Lose weight if necessary
2. Stop smoking
3. Determine is medicine may be the cause
4. Remain upright after eating
5. Wear loose fitting clothes
6. Sleep with head slightly elevated
Why is it important to control GERD? correct answersIf untreated can lead to Barrett's Esophagus &
eventually Esophageal Adenocarcinoma
What foods should be avoided? correct answersFoods high in fat, chocolate, spearmint, peppermint,
alcohol & caffeine
Which supplements may be necessary? correct answersCa, Fe, & other vitamins/minerals as necessary
How is GERD treated in infants? correct answers1. H2 receptor antagonists or PPI
2. If allergy present, remove antigen (cow's milk is most common)
3. Feed slightly elevated & keep elevated for 30 min after feeding
,4. Switch formulas if necessary
What do you do if a patient presents with dysphagia? correct answers1. Conduct an assessment
2. Record regular anthropometric measures & FFQ
3. Refer the patient out
What are some clear liquids & bland foods to help treat nausea/vomiting? correct answersClear Liquids:
Water, Apple Juice, Sports Drink, Tea, Lemonade & Chicken Broth
What are the signs & symptoms of gastritis? correct answers1. Belching
2. Weight loss
3. Abdominal pain
4. Vomiting
5. Bleeding if severe
What's the most common cause of peptic ulcers? correct answersH. pylori infection causes 70% of all
gastric & 92% of all duodenal ulcers
How are peptic ulcers caused by H pylori infection treated? correct answers1. 7-14 days of 2 antibiotics
2. Bismuth subsalicylate
3. Proton pump inhibitor (PPI)
How are peptic ulcers not caused by H pylori infection treated? correct answers1. Antacids
2. PPI
3. Histamine blockers
4. Mucosal protectors
, What foods should be avoided for a patient with peptic ulcers? correct answers• Red & black pepper,
coffee (caf. & decaf.), alcohol, caffeine
• Avoid large meals - consume smaller, more frequent meals instead
What supplements should be taken by a patient with peptic ulcers? correct answers• Ca, Fe, B12, other
vitamins/minerals as necessary
What is dumping syndrome? correct answers• Food enters SI too fast, forcing fluid to be drawn into SI to
dilute it
• Causes nausea, vomiting, bloating, diarrhea
• Early dumping = 10-20 min after eating
• Intermediate dumping = 20-30 min after eating
• Late dumping = 1-3 hr after eating
Which supplements are indicated for bariatric surgery patients? correct answers• Vitamin B12, iron,
calcium, fat-soluble vitamins
For a post bariatric surgery patient, how often should their nutrient levels be monitored? correct
answersEvery 3 months
What are the clinical manifestations for diarrhea? correct answers1. Increased number of BM &
decreased consistency of stools
2. Abdominal discomfort, dehydration, electrolyte imbalance, weight loss
3. Blood may be present
- Frank blood - bright red blood from rectum or anus
- Occult blood - bleeding from lower GI tract
- Melena - dark stool caused by bleeding in upper GI tract
4. Mucus present indicates secretory diarrhea
What are the treatments for acute diarrhea? correct answersRest & fluids
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