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Summary Grade 12 IEB Geomorphology notes
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An in depth note covering the geomorphology syllabus for grade 11-12.
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A manandadroopoldandraspy
a scientific studyofthe origin evolution the earth's
of topography
Topography Thereliefor shape oftheland
Rocklayers Strata we say therock is stratifiedTheseare sedimentary rocks
Bedding planes Theplanes that seperate each rock layer
When is formed sediments are deposited and remain horizontal or when lava
flows and forms dolerite sills or basaltic plateaus
Horizontal Strata That Are
Uniformly Resistant To Erosion
HILLY LANDSCAPES AND BASALTIC PLATEAUS
Therocklayerserode at thesamerate
landscapes
chumiafchemicalweatheringRegt
wash
Hilly
Sheetwash Horizontal sedimentary strata slopesare rounded
a thin Mobile sheet Uniform resistance toerosion
Humid climate increasedrainthat
PutsPasssheetwash
ofwaterflowsoverthe
surfaceof a hillslope when causesslopesto berounded
Theeven erosionalong
a widearea Hilly landscapes arid angular landscape
arid climate lessrainresultsin gullies sharp ridges
Sometimesreferred to as badlands thin andcoarsesoil
mechanical weathering nothinggrows
É Basaltic Plateaus tectnoic movementformsthem
Formedwhenlava flows over earth through cracksinthecrust
mean
vertical erosion intolines of weaknessformsnarrowgorges
eg Drakensberg Plateau DeccanPlateau drakensberg
2
gullies
landscape d
Karoo mesa
zoom in
G Basaltic Plateau
bigpicture
𝚃𝚘𝚙𝚘𝚐𝚛𝚊𝚙𝚑𝚢 𝚊𝚜𝚜𝚘𝚌𝚒𝚊𝚝𝚎𝚍 𝚠𝚒𝚝𝚑 𝚑𝚘𝚛𝚒𝚣𝚘𝚗𝚝𝚊𝚕 𝚜𝚝𝚛𝚊𝚝𝚊
𝔾𝕖𝕠𝕞𝕠𝕣𝕡𝕙𝕠𝕝𝕠𝕘𝕪
,Horizontal strata with canyon landscape
varying resistance to
erosion: no settlement in canyons o
CANYON AND KAROO LANDSCAPES
The rock layers erode at differentrates
Some quickly and some slowly j if seegorgeon map you
have
Canyon Landscape: canyon landscape
resistance
Horizontal strata witnmitarying to erosion
Tectonic uplift and strata remain horizontal
Top layer resistant no roundedslopes valleys.ME'd
erosion
Rivers cut into lines of weakness deep steep sided
Valley sides step effect horizontal layers of sandstoneand shale
Tectonicuplift
area as of
raising geographical
a consequence Processes
ofplatetectonics
river on top layer of the earth
upliftment occurs and river
cuts down
deeper faster erosion
wide top narrow bottom
Formation of canyon
river and wind erodes rock
goes down vertically
canyon landscaped
steep sides
slice viver
horizontal layers strata
, Kar Landscape: form from erosion over millions of years
have flat topped hills w wide plains
develop from canyon landscapes windwater breaks it up breaks plateau
Top layer sandstone or igneous intrusion of DOLERITE
Softer rock below share undignified landscape canyon t Karoo
Arid climate slopes angular and
sharp Dolerite igneoustoplayers
Mesa
I
softer shale low layers
tdry
Karoo landscape features: height does not change
smaller from the sides
plateau
A at, elevated landform that rises sharply above the
surrounding area on at least one side.
pediplain
an extensive geological pediment or a plain resulting
from the coalescence of two or more pediments.
Butte
an isolated hill with steep sides and a at top (similar to but narrower
than a mesa).
Mesa
an isolated at-topped hill with steep sides, found
Pointed butte in landscapes with horizontal strata.
isolated, steep-sided hills with pointed or craggy, rather than at, tops.
conical hill
a landform with a distinctly conical shape. It is usually isolated or rises
above other surrounding foothills, and is often of volcanic origin.
fl fl fl fl
oo
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