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CGI EXAM #2 QUESTIONS WITH CORRECT ANSWERS
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CGI EXAM #2 QUESTIONS WITH CORRECT ANSWERS
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CGI EXAM #2 QUESTIONS WITHCORRECT ANSWERS
Central Dogma of Molecular Biology - Answer-DNA (replication) --> (transcription) RNA
--> (translation) Protein
DNA synthesized in the - Answer-5' to 3' direction
Replication Fork - Answer-Draw
DNA is synthesized in the 5' to 3' direction because the DNA polymerase must
recognize a - Answer-3'-OH
helicase - Answer-the enzyme that assists in unwinding the tightly coiled DNA
DNA polymerase I - Answer-the enzyme that removes the RNA primer sequences
PRIASE - Answer-is an RNA polymerase
ligase - Answer-seals the nicks in the sugar-phosphate DNA backbone to complete
lagging strand synthesis
DNA polymerase III - Answer-the enzyme that actually synthesizes the newly formed
leading strand, has proofreading ability
RNA polymerase II - Answer-creates the mRNA strand
telomerase - Answer-a single-stranded DNA polymerase that asists in replication ends
of eukaryotic chromosomes
tomoisomerase - Answer-the enzyme that relieves DNA tension by forming nicks in the
phosphodiester linked backbone
traditional cycle of PCR temperature and steps - Answer-94 C- denaturation, 55 C-
annealing, 72 C- elongation
denaturation - Answer-breaks H-bonds of DNA strands
annealing - Answer-short primers bind to ends of target sequences
elongation - Answer-Taq polymerase adds dNTPs to template strands amplifying the
target gene
, prokayotes have _ factors that help guide the RNA polymerase to the promoter region -
Answer-sigma
RNA polymerase synthesizes RNA in the 5' to 3' direction based on a - Answer-
template DNA sequence
in eukaryotes, _ transcribes all protein-coding genes - Answer-RNA polymerase II
gene expression - Answer-creating an mRNA from a gene
differential gene expression results in - Answer-different cell types
transcription begins at the - Answer-transcription start site
3 main types of RNA in cells - Answer-messenger RNA, ribosomal RNA, and transfer
RNA
messenger RNA - Answer-made from protein-coding genes; is translated into protein in
the cytoplasm
ribosomal RNA - Answer-form the ribosome (an enzyme that catalyzes translation)
along with some proteins
transfer RNA - Answer-bring specific amino acids to the ribosome during translation
DNA coding strand and _ have the same sequence - Answer-mRNA
Dna template strand - Answer-used to build the mRNA
prokaryotic transcription players - Answer-1. gene (promoter region with -35 and -10
elements), transcription start site, terminator region, 5' and 3' untranslated regions, 2.
sigma factor, 3. RNA polymerase
gene runs from _ to _ - Answer-promoter region to terminator region
prokaryotic transcription initiation - Answer-sigma factor with RNA polymerase bind to
promoter site
prokaryotic transcription elongation - Answer-mRNA synthesis begins, sigma factor
released, RNA polymerase elongates mRNA
prokaryotic transcription termination - Answer-RNA polymerase falls off DNA at
terminator sequence
the transcription start site is not the same as the - Answer-translation start site
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