Microbiology Board Exam Questions and Answers | Latest Version | 2024/2025 | Already Passed
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Microbiology Board
Institution
Microbiology Board
Microbiology Board Exam Questions
and Answers | Latest Version | 2024/2025
| Already Passed
What is the role of plasmids in bacteria?
Plasmids are small DNA molecules that carry additional genes, such as those for antibiotic
resistance.
How do fungi obtain nutrients?
Fungi obtain...
Microbiology Board Exam Questions
and Answers | Latest Version | 2024/2025
| Already Passed
What is the role of plasmids in bacteria?
✔✔ Plasmids are small DNA molecules that carry additional genes, such as those for antibiotic
resistance.
How do fungi obtain nutrients?
✔✔ Fungi obtain nutrients through absorption, by secreting enzymes that break down organic
material.
What is the function of the cell membrane in bacterial cells?
✔✔ The cell membrane controls the entry and exit of substances, maintaining the cell's internal
environment.
1
,What distinguishes an archaea from bacteria?
✔✔ Archaea have distinct biochemical and genetic differences from bacteria, including unique
membrane lipids and different ribosomal RNA sequences.
What is the primary method for classifying bacteria based on cell wall composition?
✔✔ The Gram stain is used to classify bacteria into Gram-positive and Gram-negative based on
their cell wall structure.
How do viruses differ from bacteria in terms of replication?
✔✔ Viruses replicate by hijacking a host cell's machinery, while bacteria reproduce
independently through binary fission.
What is the purpose of a bacterial endospore?
✔✔ A bacterial endospore protects the cell from harsh environmental conditions, allowing it to
survive extreme stress.
2
,How do antibiotics affect bacterial cells?
✔✔ Antibiotics interfere with specific bacterial functions, such as cell wall synthesis or protein
production, leading to bacterial cell death or inhibition.
What role do environmental factors play in microbial growth?
✔✔ Environmental factors like temperature, pH, and oxygen levels affect microbial growth and
metabolism by influencing enzymatic activity and nutrient availability.
What is the significance of the Koch's postulates in microbiology?
✔✔ Koch's postulates are used to establish a causal relationship between a microorganism and a
disease by demonstrating that the microorganism is present in all cases of the disease and can be
isolated and cultured.
How is microbial resistance to antibiotics developed?
3
, ✔✔ Microbial resistance develops through genetic mutations or the acquisition of resistance
genes, often facilitated by plasmids, which can then be selected for by the presence of antibiotics.
What are the primary differences between eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells?
✔✔ Eukaryotic cells have a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles, while prokaryotic cells
lack a nucleus and have no membrane-bound organelles.
What is the function of the ribosome in a microbial cell?
✔✔ Ribosomes are responsible for protein synthesis by translating mRNA into polypeptide
chains.
How does the lytic cycle of a virus differ from the lysogenic cycle?
✔✔ In the lytic cycle, a virus destroys the host cell to release new viral particles, while in the
lysogenic cycle, the viral DNA integrates into the host genome and replicates along with it
without immediate destruction of the host cell.
4
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