Biomedical Theory (Scientific Theory) Theory of illness causation. Based on the assumption that all events in life have a cause and effect and that the human body functions more or less mechanically. All life can be reduced or divided into smaller parts and that all reality can be observed and meas...
NUR 245 Quiz 1 Questions and Correct
Answers
Biomedical Theory (Scientific Theory) ✅Theory of illness causation.
Based on the assumption that all events in life have a cause and effect and that the
human body functions more or less mechanically.
All life can be reduced or divided into smaller parts and that all reality can be observed
and measured.
Database and name the types ✅Subjective data, objective data, the patient's record
and lab studies all make up the patients database
1) Complete
2) Focused or Problem-centered
3) Follow-up
4) Emergency
Diagnostic Reasoning ✅is the process of analyzing health data and drawing
conclusions to identify diagnoses. Based on a scientific method.
1. attending to initially available cues
2. formulating diagnostic hypotheses,
3. gathering data relative to the tentative hypothesis
4. evaluating each hypothesis with the new data collected.
The result is a final diagnosis.
Levels of competency ✅Novice
Proficient
Expert
Novice ✅not having experience with specific patient populations, the novice uses
defined structured rules for data collection and interpretation
Proficient ✅able to see long term goals and how today connects to the future
Expert ✅uses intuition
Has intuitive grasp of clinical situation and zeroes in on the accurate solution
Immediate recognition of patterns
Complete database ✅Full health history and physical
Describes current and past medical history
Forms a baseline that all future changes can be measured
Yields the first list of diagnoses
Screen for pathology and notes human responses to health problems
,(health history and full PE)
Focused (problem centered) database ✅For a limited or short term problem
Collect a "mini" database
More targeted
Concerns one problem, one cue complex or one body system
Can be used in all settings
(problem centered) limited problem
Follow-up database ✅The status of any identified problems should be evaluated at
regular and appropriate intervals.
What change has occurred?
Is problem getting better or worse?]what coping strategies are used?
Used in all settings
(evaluate status, health problems)
Emergency database ✅A rapid collection of data
Can be compiled concurrently with lifesaving measures
Often history is obtained at same time as assessment
(rapid collection, which commonly occurs while performing lifesaving measures)
Medical vs Nursing diagnosis ✅Medical diagnosis = used to evaluate the etiology
(cause) of disease.
Nursing diagnosis = used to evaluate the response of the whole person to actual or
potential health problems. This is used to monitor patients response to the treatment of
the disease.
First level priority problems ✅those that are emergent, life threatening, and immediate,
such as establishing an airway or supporting breathing
thinks ABCS
Second level priority problems ✅those that are next in urgency - those requiring your
prompt intervention to forestall further deterioration. For example, mental status change,
acute pain, acute urinary elimination problems, untreated medical problems, abnormal
lab values, risks of infection, or risk to safety and security
Third level priority problems ✅those that are important to the patients health but can
be addressed after more urgent health problems are addressed.
Holistic health ✅consideration of the whole person.
Holistic health views the mind, body, and spirit as interdependent and functioning as a
whole within the environment.
, Health promotion ✅a set of positive acts we can take.
The focus of the health professional is on teaching and helping the consumer choose a
healthier lifestyle.
Process of data collection ✅1. Develop a preliminary list of significant signs and
symptoms, and all patient health needs. (not in any particular order)
2. Cluster assessment data that appear to be causal or associated
3. Validate the data to make sure they are accurate
Cue ✅piece of information, sign, symptom, or piece of laboratory data
Hypothesis ✅tentative explanation for a cue or set of cues that can be used for further
investigation
Critical thinking ✅What is needed to move from novice to expert.
Learn to sort through vast amounts of data and information
Data is dynamic and unpredictable and ever changing
Can not memorize enough protocols for every situation- need to pull knowledge in to
come to conclusions
Evidence based assessment ✅Question tradition when no compelling research exists
to support it
Takes up to 17 years for research findings to be implemented into practice
Nurse barriers to evidence based assessment ✅-lack of research skills in evaluating
quality of research studies
Isolated from other colleagues knowledgeable in research
-lack confidence to implement change
-organizational characteristics in health care settings
Cross cultural care ✅A holistic approach to health assessment arises from an
orientation toward wellness and health maintenance.
Includes: cultural and heritage assessment
High level assessment skills ✅Assessment skills require hands-on expertise refined to
a high level
Nurse is first and often only health professional to see an individual in many
communities
Nurse is only health professional continually present at bedside in hospitals
Acculturation ✅process of adapting to and acquiring another culture
Assimilation ✅process by which a person develops a new cultural identity and
becomes like the members of the dominant culture
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