NUR 245 Unit 4 Study Questions and Correct Answers
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Course
NUR 245
Institution
NUR 245
Lightening descent of the fetal presenting part into the pelvis, occurs approximately 10 to 14 days before labor begins
Signs of True Labor -involve uterine and cervical changes. -productive uterine Contractions
Ripening of the Cervix -At term, the cervix becomes still softer (described as "butte...
NUR 245 Unit 4 Study Questions and
Correct Answers
Lightening ✅descent of the fetal presenting part into the pelvis, occurs approximately
10 to 14 days before labor begins
Signs of True Labor ✅-involve uterine and cervical changes.
-productive uterine Contractions
Ripening of the Cervix ✅-At term, the cervix becomes still softer (described as "butter-
soft"), and it tips forward
Show ✅-Blood, mixed with mucus, takes on a pink tinge and is referred to as "show" or
"bloody show."
4 concepts for successful labor ✅1. A woman's pelvis (the passage) is of adequate
size and contour.
2. The passenger (the fetus) is of appropriate size and in an advantageous position and
presentation.
3. The powers of labor (uterine factors) are adequate. (The powers of labor are strongly
influenced by the woman's position during labor.)
4. A woman's psychological outlook is preserved, so that afterward labor can be viewed
as a positive experience.
Attitude ✅degree of flexion a fetus assumes during labor or the relation of the fetal
parts to each other
Engagement ✅The settling of the presenting part of a fetus far enough into the pelvis
to be at the level of the ischial spines, a midpoint of the pelvis.
None engagement: ✅at the beginning of labor indicates a possible complication, such
as an abnormal presentation or position, abnormality of the fetal head, or cephalopelvic
disproportion.
Cephalic Presentation ✅-The most frequent type of presentation, occurring as often as
95% of the time
*four types*: vertex, brow, face, and mentum
--vertex is the ideal presenting part, because the skull bones are capable of effectively
molding to accommodate the cervix
Effacement ✅-Shortening and thinning of the cervical canal.
-In primiparas, effacement is accomplished before dilatation begins and when it is
complete, dilatation will then progress rapidly.
, -In multiparas, dilatation may proceed before effacement is complete. Effacement must
occur at the end of dilatation
Dilatation ✅enlargement or widening of the cervical canal from an opening a few
millimeters wide to one large enough (approximately 10 cm) to permit passage of a
fetus
Stages of labor ✅Stage 1=begins with the initiation of true labor contractions and ends
when the cervix is fully dilated...division: latent, the active, and the transition phase
Stage 2=from the time of full dilatation until the infant is born
Stage 3=placental stage, lasting from the time the infant is born until after the delivery of
the placenta
Latent Phase ✅-The latent or preparatory phase begins at the onset of regularly
perceived uterine contractions and ends when rapid cervical dilatation begins.
-Contractions during this phase are mild and short, lasting 20 to 40 seconds.
-Cervical effacement occurs, and the cervix dilates from 0 to 3 cm
-lasts approximately 6 hours in a nullipara and 4.5 hours in a multipara.
Active Phase ✅-Cervical dilatation occurs more rapidly, increasing from 4 to 7 cm.
-Contractions grow stronger, lasting 40 to 60 seconds, and occur approximately every 3
to 5 minutes.
- lasts approximately 3 hours in a nullipara and 2 hours in a multipara
Transition Phase ✅-contractions reach their peak of intensity, occurring every 2 to 3
minutes with a duration of 60 to 90 seconds and causing maximum cervical dilatationof
8 to 10 cm.
-By the end of this phase, both full dilatation (10 cm) and complete cervical effacement
(obliteration of the cervix) have occurred.
Fetal stations ✅Level of fetal presenting part in pelvis and tells how fetus is
progressing down birth canal; zero station=at maternal ischial spines; minus
stations=above ischial spines (-1 to -5); plus stations=below ischial spines (+1 to +5).
Placental separation - normal findings ✅-shiny and glistening from the fetal
membranes, this is called a *Schultze* presentation. Approximately 80% of placentas
separate and present in this way.
- placenta separates first at its edges, it slides along the uterine surface and presents at
the vagina with the maternal surface evident. It looks raw, red, and irregular, with the
ridges or cotyledons that separate blood collection spaces showing; this is called a
*Duncan* presentation.
shiny=shultz
dirty=duncan
Amniotomy ✅-The artificial rupturing of membranes.
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