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Research Methods and Data Questions with complete solution 2024

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Research Methods and Data Questions with complete solution 2024 Research Methods and Data, Exam 1, University of Iowa What are 3 sources of information? - correct answer authority, rationalism, and empiricism Authority - correct answer someone in a position of authority tells you someth...

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  • August 30, 2024
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  • 2024/2025
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Research Methods and Data, Exam 1,
University of Iowa
What are 3 sources of information? - correct answer ✔authority, rationalism,
and empiricism


Authority - correct answer ✔someone in a position of authority tells you
something is true therefore it must be true


what are some problems with getting information for authority? - correct
answer ✔can be biased, advice could be based on on experience,


Rationalism - correct answer ✔deriving knowledge from logical reasoning; if
the premise and statements are true and the logic is sound, then the
conclusion is correct


What are some problems with rationalism? - correct answer ✔Premises must
be true in order to accept the conclusion as "truth", Could be logically valid but
not meaningful for understanding and predicting human


example of rationalism - correct answer ✔Attractive people are good;Tom is
attractive;Therefore, Tom is good.


Empiricism - correct answer ✔Deriving knowledge from observation and
experimentation, Knowledge from the senses


Theory - correct answer ✔a set of statements that describes general
principles about how variables relate to one another

, hypothesis - correct answer ✔a way of stating the specific outcome that the
researcher expects to observe if the theory is accurate


data - correct answer ✔set of observations representing the values of some
variable, collected from one ore more research studies


Hypothetical example theory data cycle - correct answer ✔Theory: Children
learn words better from their parents than a computer because children pay
more attention to their mother's voice and attention supports learning,
Question: Would children learn new words better from their mom or a
computer game teaching the same words?, My hypothesis, is that children will
learn new words better when taught by their mom, compared to a computer
game., Data: Number of words that the child can correctly match to a picture.


Can theories be proven correct? - correct answer ✔Theories can't be proven,
but data can suggest whether theories should be changed/replaced


Qualities of a good theory - correct answer ✔supported by data, falsifiable,
parsimonious


Falsifiable - correct answer ✔A theory must be testable, such that some
imaginable pattern of data can prove it wrong, if any possible outcome can
support the theory, that theory is meaningless


Parsimony - correct answer ✔When two theories both explain data equally
well, the simpler theory is preferred


What are some problems with basing decisions off of experience? - correct
answer ✔Small set of possibilities with no comparison group , Little control on
environment and other variables - confounds!

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