This document provides a thorough and detailed overview of the intricate workings of the immune system. Designed to be both informative and accessible, it covers a wide array of topics, starting with the basic building blocks of immunity and progressing to more complex mechanisms and clinical impli...
an organization of cells, tissues, and organs within the body that each have their own specialized role in
defending against infection
Immune response
the coordinated reaction of immune cells and microbes
antibody
circulating protein which is made by a class of immune cells called B cells in response to a specific
antigen
antigen
foreign protein that induces an immune response typically including the production of antibodies
Lymphatic system
a network of vessels that collects fluid that has escaped from the capillaries and entered the
surrounding tissues
lymph
clear fluid that has leaked out of the capillary walls of the blood vessels into the surrounding tissues
called interstitial space
Lymphatic vessels
pick up lymph, and carry it towards the heart where it re-enters the circulatory system
lymph node
filter the lymph and are filled with lymphocytes (a type of white blood cells) specializing in antigen
recognition
lymphoid
adjective = components of the lymphatic system
thymus
where T cells mature
bone marrow
where B cells mature
,physical epithelial barriers
- skin, respiratory tract, and gastrointestinal tract
- tight junctions between cells provide a physical barrier
- anti-microbial chemicals that are secreted inhibit microbe growth, preventing many infections
phagocytic leukocytes
- ingest microbes into vesicles and can chemically destroy them
- secrete antimicrobial proteins called cytokines
dendritic cells
phagocytes
link between adaptive and innate
express receptors that recognize general classes of microbes and make cytokines
APCs
NK cell
detect infected cells and kill them via lysis
express receptors that bind to general classes of bacterial or viral antigens rather than specific peptide
sequences
complement system
both innate and adaptive
tightly regulated network of proteins (30+ glycoprotein macromolecules)
process of coating a microbe's surface with a molecule to enhance ingestion
hematopoietic cells
self-renewing, pluripotent
myeloid progenitor
differentiate into most of the cells of the innate immune system
, monocyte/macrophages
phagocytes, can travel outside the circuitry system by crossing the blood vessel wall
contribute to tissue repair
APCs
neutrophils
phagocytes with lytic enzymes and bactericidal substances
most common leukocyte
recruited by macrophages
short lived
basophil
non-phagocytic granulocytes, release active chemical mediators from their granules (big player in
allergic reactions)
eosinophils
phagocytic cells that migrate from blood to tissue, play a role in parasitic defence
lymphoid progenitor cells
differentiate into lymphocytes (nonphagocytic)
bacteria
infectious agent
unicellular, prokaryotic organisms
no organized internal membrane
viruses
infectious agent
not organisms
themselves
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