Exam (elaborations)
FLUID AND ELECTROLYTE BALANCE/ACID BASE BALANCE BIO 669 NORTHERN KENTUCKY UNIVERSITY
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FLUID AND ELECTROLYTE BALANCE/ACID BASE BALANCE BIO 669 NORTHERN KENTUCKY UNIVERSITY
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FLUID AND ELECTROLYTE BALANCE/ACID BASE BALANCEBIO 669 NORTHERN KENTUCKY UNIVERSITY
Aldosterone is influenced by what? - answers -circulating blood volume, blood pressure,
plasma concentrations of sodium and potassium
What is released when circulating blood volume of bp is decreased or sodium is
decreased or potassium is increased? - answers -renin is secreted and released by the
kidneys
Renin stimulates the release of what? - answers -angiotensin
Water balance is primarily regulated by what? - answers -antidiuretic hormone (adh,
vasopressin)
Adh secretion increases what? - answers -water reabsorption into the plasma
What are thirst receptors called? - answers -osmolality receptors
What are osmolality receptors stimulated by? - answers -hyperosmolality and plasma
volume depletion
Volume receptors and baroreceptors stimulate the release of _______ from the ______
and stimulate thirst due to fluid loss - answers -adh; pituitary gland
If sodium levels rise too much, _____________ will be stimulated to be released to aid
in the retention of water - answers -adh
An isotonic fluid excess is called? - answers -hypervolemia
_____________________ ____________________ is the ability of the body to adapt to
increased levels of potassium - answers -potassium adaptation
Shallow t waves and u waves are seen on and ekg in ________________________ -
answers -hypokalemia
Insulin promotes cellular uptake of potassium and insulin administration may cause
________________ - answers -hypokalemia due to an ecf potassium deficit
Diabetic ketoacidosis causes an increase in hydrogen ion concentration in the ecf
causing ______________ to shift into the cell in exchange for ________________ -
answers -hydrogen; potassium
What are they clinical manifestations of hypokalemia? - answers -cardiac and
neuromuscular manifestations
, Neuromuscular excitability decreases
Skeletal muscle weakness
Smooth muscle atony
Cardiac dysrhythmias
Glucose intolerance
Impaired urinary concentrating ability
Excessive administration of iv fluids can lead to? - answers -hypervolemia
Hypersecretion of aldosterone can lead to? - answers -hypervolemia
What are the symptoms of hypervolemia? - answers -distended neck veins, increased
bp, increased hydrostatic pressure leading to edema formation
Hypervolemia is treated with? - answers -diuretics
Aldosterone enhances the loss of____________ - answers -potassium
Sodium and chloride balance is maintained by______________________ - answers -
renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system
The renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system controls ______________ retention and thus
volume/pressure in the vascular system - answers -sodium
The renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system affects __________________ and
___________ release - answers -vasomotor tone; adh
_______________ leads to sodium and water reabsorption back into the circulation and
excretion of potassium - answers -aldosterone
______________________ cause sodium and water exertion - answers -nature tic
peptides
__________________ is the major intracellular electrolyte and is essential for normal
cellular functions - answers -potassium
The distribution of potassium between intracellular and extracellular fluids is influenced
by what factors? - answers -insulin, aldosterone, epinephrine, alkalosis
An insulin deficiency, aldosterone deficiency, acidosis, cell lysis and strenuous exercise
can facilitate the shift of potassium________ of cells - answers -out
The ________________ is the most efficient regulator of potassium balance - answers -
kidney
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