PNR 201-Chapter 11- Inflammation and Healing Exam Questions with Complete Solutions
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Course
PNR 201
Institution
PNR 201
Inflammatory response - Answer-is a sequential reaction to cell injury. It neutralizes and dilutes the inflammatory agent, removes necrotic materials, and establishes an environment suitable for healing and repair.
Can be divided into a vascular response, cellular response, formation of exudate, ...
PNR 201-Chapter 11- Inflammation and
Healing Exam Questions with Complete
Solutions
Inflammatory response - Answer-is a sequential reaction to cell injury. It neutralizes and
dilutes the inflammatory agent, removes necrotic materials, and establishes an
environment suitable for healing and repair.
Can be divided into a vascular response, cellular response, formation of exudate, and
healed
Vascular response - Answer-Chemical mediators cause increased capillary permeability
leading to vasodilation, which is responsible for redness, heat, and swelling at site of
injury and surrounding area.
Plasma proteins then leave the blood, is activated to fibrin which creates a blood clot
Cellular response - Answer-Neutrophils and monocytes move from circulation to the site
of injury
Chemotaxis - Answer-(Cellular response) The directional migration of white blood cells
to the site of injury, resulting in an accumulation of neutrophils and monocytes at the
site.
Neutrophils - Answer-(Cellular response) The first WBCs to arrive at the injury site
(usually within 6-12 hrs)
They engulf bacteria, other foreign material, and damaged cells
Short life span (24-48 hrs), dead neutrophils, digested bacteria, and other cell debris
accumulates as a creamy substance called Pus
Bands - Answer-(Cellular response) Immature forms of neutrophils
Shift to the left - Answer-(Cellular response) Increased number of band neutrophils in
circulation.
Common in patients with acute bacterial infections
Monocytes - Answer-(Cellular response)
Second type of phagocytic cells that migrate from circulating blood.
Usually arrives at the site within 3-7 days after the onset of inflammation.
On entering the tissue spaces, monocytes transform into macrophages
Macrophage - Answer-Important in cleaning the area before healing can occur.
Has long life span.
, Can multiply and may stay in the damaged tissue for weeks.
Exudate formation - Answer-Consists of fluid and WBCs that move from the circulation
to the site of the injury
Local inflammation - Answer-Redness, heat, pain, swelling and loss of function
Systemic inflammation - Answer-Increased WBC count with a shift to the left, malaise,
nausea, and anorexia, increased pulse and respiratory rate, and fever
Cytokines - Answer-is important in causing fever and other systemic manifestations of
inflammation
Catarrhal - Answer-(Inflammatory exudate)
Found in tissues where cells produce mucus.
E.G. Runny nose associated with upper respiratory tract infection
Fibrinous - Answer-(Inflammatory exudate)
E.G. Adhesions, gelatinous ribbons seen in surgical drain tubing
Hemorrhagic - Answer-(Inflammatory exudate)
Results from rupture or necrosis of blood vessel walls
E.G. Hematoma, bleeding after surgery or tissue trauma
Purulent (pus) - Answer-(Inflammatory exudate)
E.G. Furncle (boil, abscess, cellulitis
Serosanguineous - Answer-(Inflammatory exudate)
Found during the midpoint in healing after surgery or tissue injury.
Composed of RBCs and serous fluid, which is semiclear pink and may have red streaks
E.G. Surgical drain fluid
Serous - Answer-(Inflammatory exudate)
Results from outpouring of fluid.
Seen in early stages of inflammation when injury is mild
E.G. Skin blisters, pleural effusion
Acute inflammation - Answer-The healing occurs in 2-3 weeks and usually leaves no
residual damage.
Neutrophils are the predominant cell type at the site of inflammation
Subacute inflammation - Answer-Has the features of the acute process but lasts longer.
E.G. Infective endocarditis is a smoldering infection with acute inflammation, but it lasts
for weeks or months
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