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Anatomy and Physiology: Exam 2 Questions and Answers

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  • Course
  • Anatomy and Physiology
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  • Anatomy And Physiology

Functions of the Integumentary System  :-- -Resistance to trauma and infection  -Prevents loss or gain of water  -Vitamin D synthesis  -Sensory receptors for heat, cold, touch, texture, pressure, vibration, and tissue injury  -Thermoregulation How does skin resist trauma and in...

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  • August 28, 2024
  • 30
  • 2024/2025
  • Exam (elaborations)
  • Questions & answers
  • Anatomy and Physiology
  • Anatomy and Physiology
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Apluss
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Elscores: Aug. 27, 24- 2024/2025

Anatomy and Physiology: Exam 2
Questions and Answers
Functions of the Integumentary System


 :-- -Resistance to trauma and infection

 -Prevents loss or gain of water

 -Vitamin D synthesis

 -Sensory receptors for heat, cold, touch, texture, pressure, vibration, and tissue injury

 -Thermoregulation




How does skin resist trauma and infection?


 :-- -Skin has low pH to reduce bacteria and fungi

 -Cells are packed closely together with tough protein called keratin




Name 3 ways the integumentary system thermoregulates?


 :-- -Glands release sweat for evaporative cooling

- Vasoconstriction

- Vasodilation




Define: Vasoconstriction


 :-- narrowing of blood vessels, reduces heat loss




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, 2
Elscores: Aug. 27, 24- 2024/2025

Define: Vasodilation


 :-- widening of blood vessels, increases heat loss




What are the 2 main parts of the integumentary system?


 :-- Epidermis- outer layer

Dermis- underlying connective tissue

*Hypodermis not really part of the skin!*




What does the epidermis primarily consist of?


 :-- keratinized stratified squamous epithelium




What are the epidermal derivatives?


 :-- glands, hair, nails




What are the 4 main cell types in the epidermis?


 :-- - Karatinocytes

- Melanocytes

- Tactile (Merkel) cells

- Dendritic (Langerhans) cells




Keratinocytes (functions)



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Elscores: Aug. 27, 24- 2024/2025

 :-- most numerous cell type, make fibrous protein keratin




Melanocytes (functions)


 :-- synthesize pigment called melanin




Tactile cells (functions and 2nd name)


 :-- also called Merkel cells, receptors for the sense of touch, associated with a dermal

nerve fiber




Dendritic cells (functions and 2nd name)


 :-- macrophages (big phagocytic cells) that kill microbes




What are the layers of the epidermis (list from bottom up)?


 :-- - Stratum basale

- Stratum spinosum

- Stratum granulosum

- Stratum lucidum

- Stratum corneum




What layer of the epidermis is only found in thick skin?




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