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Exam (elaborations)

ABSITE – Breast Questions and Answers

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Which of the following is correct in relation to BRCA1/2 mutations and breast cancer?  :-- The lifetime risk (by age 70) of developing breast cancer for BRCA1 mutation carriers can be as high as 80%. (Correct. BRCA mutations carry a 50% to 80% lifetime risk of female breast cancer, a 6% li...

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  • August 28, 2024
  • 14
  • 2024/2025
  • Exam (elaborations)
  • Questions & answers
  • ABSITE
  • ABSITE
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Apluss
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Elscores: Aug. 27, 24- 2024/2025

ABSITE – Breast Questions and Answers
Which of the following is correct in relation to BRCA1/2 mutations and breast cancer?


 :-- The lifetime risk (by age 70) of developing breast cancer for BRCA1 mutation carriers

can be as high as 80%.

(Correct. BRCA mutations carry a 50% to 80% lifetime risk of female breast cancer, a 6%

lifetime risk of male breast cancer (BRCA2), and a 15% to 25% lifetime risk of ovarian cancer.

BRCA1 mutation carriers are more likely to present with breast cancer at a lower age than

BRCA2 mutation carriers (peak incidence at 45-49 years and 65-69 years, respectively). It is

important to understand these statistics when considering either genetic testing or prevention

strategies in a known BRCA mutation carrier.)




Which of the following treatments has been shown to provide relief of symptoms in more than

50% of patients with cyclical breast pain?


 :-- Evening primrose oil




The most common histologic type of invasive breast cancer is which of the following?


 :-- Ductal adenocarcinoma.




Hormone regulation of mammary epithelial development includes:


 :-- Initiation of ductal development by estrogen.




Which benign breast disease is associated with an increased risk of malignancy?




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, 2
Elscores: Aug. 27, 24- 2024/2025

 :-- Atypical ductal hyperplasia




Which of the following statements regarding steroid hormones and breast cancer is correct?

- The kidney is the principle site of steroid metabolism.

- The rate-limiting step of steroid hormone biosynthesis involves the conversion of

pregnenolone to progesterone.

- In postmenopausal women, androgens are produced in the adrenal gland, and adipose tissue is

the principal site for aromatization.

- Circulating steroid hormones are primarily lipid-bound and are thus considered "bioavailable."


 :-- In postmenopausal women, androgens are produced in the adrenal gland, and adipose

tissue is the principal site for aromatization.

(In postmenopausal women, androgens are produced in the adrenal gland, and adipose tissue is

the principal site for aromatization. Normal adipose tissue uses promoter I.4 of the CYP19 gene

to stimulate aromatase production; however, breast tumors and their surrounding adipose tissue

activate promotor II of the CYP19 gene, and the result is a greater expression of aromatase. AIs

can reduce estrogen production by more than 90% and are classified according to the specificity,

potency, and reversibility with which they inhibit the aromatase enzyme.)




Which of the following histologic breast changes is most associated with an increased risk of

breast cancer?

- Epithelial hyperplasia with atypia.

- Macro- and microcysts.




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