100% satisfaction guarantee Immediately available after payment Both online and in PDF No strings attached
Previously searched by you
2024 BIO 250 Final Exam New Latest Version with All Questions from Actual Past Exams and 100% Correct Answers and 100% Correct Answers $17.49
Add to cart
2024 BIO 250 Final Exam New Latest Version with All
Questions from Actual Past Exams and 100% Correct
Answers and 100% Correct Answers
which of the following factors will influence the action of antimicrobial agents?
- ans -- the number of microorganisms
-the type of microorganisms present
- temperature and ph
- mode and dosage of the agent
which of the following is NOT a target of drugs that inhibit protein synthesis?
- ans -interference with alanine - alanine bridges in tetrapeptide
an antibiotic is - ans -a naturally occurring compound that kills microbes or
inhibits their growth
An antimicrobial that inhibits cell wall synthesis will result in which of the
following?
- ans -cells become more susceptible to osmotic pressure
which of the following is NOT an approach to combat drug-resistant bacteria?
- ans -flood a patients system with healthy bacteria to quickly remove access to
nutrients and starve the pathogen
the mechanism of action of the antibiotic rifampin (used to treat tuberculosis
infections) is
- ans -inhibition of nucleic acid synthesis
the mechanism of action of the antimicrobial amphotericin B id
- ans -disruption of the cytoplasmic membrane
which of the following statements about drug resistance is INCORRECT?
- ans -it is not found in gram-positive bacteria
,drug-resistant populations of microbes arise when - ans -exposure to drugs
selectively kills sensitive cells, allowing overgrowth of resistant cells
a compound is extracted from a microbial culture and is modified in the
laboratory for use as an oral medication. This product would be a
- ans -semisynthetic antimicrobial
Which group of synthetic antimicrobials act as anti-metabolic drugs because they
are structural analogs of para-aminobenzoic acid (PABA)? - ans -sulfonamides
which group of antimicrobials prevent the formation of a peptide bond in protein
synthesis? - ans -chloramphenicol
microbes known as resident microbiota are - ans -microorganisms that remain
with the person throughout most of their life
Biological transmission differs from mechanical transmission in that biological
transmission - ans -involves reproduction of a pathogen in an arthropod vector
prior to transmission
the incidence (new cases) of scarlet fever in the year 2000 in the United States
was 12.43/100,000 cases. This means - ans -there were 12.43 new cases of scarlet
fever for every 100,000 people in the United States in the year 2000
which of then following situations is NOT a way in which a baby acquires normal
microbiota?
- ans -microbes cross the placenta during pregnancy
a potential antimicrobial drug is tested and found to strip away the capsules made
by certain pathogenic bacteria. How would this drug affect the bacteria's ability to
cause disease?
- ans -the phagocytes would be better able to ingest the bacteria
properties that contribute to virulence
- ans -are determined by both the microbe and the host, and may evolve over
time.
,the bacterium that causes tuberculosis can be expelled from the lungs by a cough
and remain viable in the air for an hour or more. If a person inhales the bacteria
from the air, then _______ transmission has occurred
- ans -airborne
inanimate objects involved in the indirect transmission of pathogens are called
- ans -fomites
rickettsia prowazekii causes epidemic typhus, which is also called louse -borne
typhus because the disease is transmitted by human body louse, pedicures
humans. The body louse serves as a
- ans -reservoir
Exotoxins are ________, but endotoxins are ________.
- ans -proteins; lipopolysaccharide-lipoprotein complexes
which type of bacterial toxin is matched iNCORRECTLY with its description?
- ans -toxemia: a toxin produced during a viral infection
which of the following statements regarding the demostration of the etiology of
disease is FALSE? - ans -the suspect agent must be the only potential pathogen
present in disease cases
a person is exposed to rotten wood with fungal growth and develops
blastomycosis. No one taking care of him/her becomes ill. Blastomycosis is an
example of a ______ disease. - ans -noncommunicable
herpes simplex virus (HSV) manifests as typical cold sore lesions around the face
and oral mucosa. The virus remains inactive for long periods of time in the
sensory neurons associated with the trigeminal ganglia. Herpes is therefore
considered to be a ______ disease. - ans -latent
the general goal of first-line defense is to - ans -prevent pathogen entry
which of the following best describes innate immunity
- ans -generalized responses that don't vary based on the pathogens being fought
, opsonization is - ans -the coating of a pathogen by complement to facilitate
phagocytosis
the classical pathway for complement activation is initiated by
- ans -antigen-antibody reactions
the result of activating the alternate complement pathway is cellular lysis of
pathogenic cells. This form of lysis is achieved by the
- ans -formation of the membrane attack complex (MAC)
Which of the following is NOT a way that bacteria can evade complement
activation?
- ans -release enzymes that break down mannose responsible for triggering
complement activation
which of the following statements about phagocytosis is INCORRECT?
- ans -macrophages die after phagocytizing bacteria but neutrophils regenerate
their lysosomes and survive
Which cell type is the largest agranular white blood cell, that matures as it leaves
the circulatory system, and increases in levels due to chronic infections and
inflammation, autoimmune disorders, and certain cancers? - ans -monocyte
which cell type is the most numerous white blood cell in circulation, is the first
leukocyte recruited from the bloodstream to injured tissues, and releases potent
antimicrobial peptides? - ans -neutrophil
which cell type has a nucleus that appears to have two lobes connected by a thin
band, has granules that contain diverse enzymes and antimicrobial toxins, and has
mediators that are expelled in response to certain allergens and parasites?
- ans -eosinophil
all of the following are true regarding natural killers cells EXCEPT
- ans -they destroy infected body cells by phagocytosis
The phenomenon known as diapedesis is defined as
- ans -the squeezing of cells through the lining of capillaries
The benefits of buying summaries with Stuvia:
Guaranteed quality through customer reviews
Stuvia customers have reviewed more than 700,000 summaries. This how you know that you are buying the best documents.
Quick and easy check-out
You can quickly pay through credit card or Stuvia-credit for the summaries. There is no membership needed.
Focus on what matters
Your fellow students write the study notes themselves, which is why the documents are always reliable and up-to-date. This ensures you quickly get to the core!
Frequently asked questions
What do I get when I buy this document?
You get a PDF, available immediately after your purchase. The purchased document is accessible anytime, anywhere and indefinitely through your profile.
Satisfaction guarantee: how does it work?
Our satisfaction guarantee ensures that you always find a study document that suits you well. You fill out a form, and our customer service team takes care of the rest.
Who am I buying these notes from?
Stuvia is a marketplace, so you are not buying this document from us, but from seller Essiekarimi. Stuvia facilitates payment to the seller.
Will I be stuck with a subscription?
No, you only buy these notes for $17.49. You're not tied to anything after your purchase.
