MCAT - PSYCHOLOGY & SOCIOLOGY
Exam Questions And Correct Answers
Latent Learning - answer✔✔Learning without an explicit change in behavior
Anomie - answer✔✔Refers to a lack of social norms, which leads to a breakdown between an
individual and their community
Conflict Theory - answer✔✔Emphasizes social relations of capital, power, and status as the
driving forces in society. Focuses on the differences in material resources among groups in
society. Emphasizes social relations of capital, power, and status as the driving forces in society.
Proactive Interference - answer✔✔Involves the interference of information from long term
memory with new information
Organization - answer✔✔A group with identifiable membership that engages in a concerted
action to achieve a common purpose
Social Reproduction - answer✔✔Refers to the perpetuation of inequalities through social
institutions
Cultural Relativism - answer✔✔Evaluation of another culture based on that culture's standards
Institutional Discrimination - answer✔✔Refers to treatment stemming from institutional culture
or policies (rather than individual action)
Internal Locus of Control - answer✔✔Attributing an outcome or behavior to a personal trait
External Locus of Control - answer✔✔Attributing an outcome or behavior to the situation or
something else outside of the individual
Social Stratification - answer✔✔Refers to the objective hierarchy in a society, and often more
specifically addresses the class-based hierarchy
Spreading activation - answer✔✔When a concept is activated, activation spreads to related
concepts
Depth of processing - answer✔✔Refers to the type of attention applied during encoding
Serial position effect - answer✔✔Refers to improved memory for words at the beginning and
end of a list
Visuospatial sketchpad - answer✔✔Proposed as a subcomponent of working memory
Recency effect - answer✔✔Better recall for items at the end of a list
Primacy effect - answer✔✔Better recall for items at the beginning of a list
Interference - answer✔✔Refers to irrelevant information interfering with recall
Group Polarization - answer✔✔Suggests that when people who are in agreement with each other
discuss an issue, their views get more extreme
Operant conditioning - answer✔✔Learning through consequences of responses
Classical conditioning - answer✔✔Associating reflexes with previously neutral stimuli
Latent learning - answer✔✔Learning without explicit change in behavior
Observational learning - answer✔✔Learning through imitation
External motivators - answer✔✔Are introduced as an outcome of a response
Lawrence Kohlberg's Stages of Moral Development - answer✔✔Six stages, grouped into three
levels of two stages each.
1. Pre-conventional (especially common in children)
Stage 1 -Obedience and Punishment Orientation
Stage 2 -Self-interest orientation
2. Conventional (adolescents and adults)
Stage 3 -Interpersonal accord and conformity
Stage 4 -Authority and social-order maintaining orientn
Most active members of society reside at stage 4
3. Post-Conventional (some people may never reach)
Stage 5 -Social contract driven
Stage 6-Universal ehical principles driven (rare)
James-Lange Theory of Emotion - answer✔✔Suggests that physiological arousal precedes the
experiencing of emotions.
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