MCB3020 Exam 2 Asghari UF Questions
With Correct Answers
Metabolism - answer✔✔the sum total of all the chemical reactions that occur within a cell
catabolic pathway - answer✔✔breaking down complex organic molecules into their smaller
subcomponents
which type of reactions are catabolic? - answer✔✔hydrolysis reactions
catabolic reactions are ________________________ - answer✔✔energy conserving reactions
that provide a ready source of reducing power (electrons)
anabolic reactions - answer✔✔the synthesis of complex molecules from their simpler subunits
which types of reactions are anabolic? - answer✔✔dehydration synthesis reactions
which reactions require energy from reducing power of electrons? - answer✔✔anabolic reactions
where do the anabolic reactions get their electrons for energy? - answer✔✔from catabolic
reactions who provide reducing power through electrons
how are microbes involved in elemental cycling? - answer✔✔nitrogen fixation, nitrification,
denitrification, and converting CO2 and CH4 to organic molecules
nitrogen fixation - answer✔✔when microbes convert unusable nitrogen gas (N2) to useful
ammonia (NH3)
nitrification - answer✔✔conversion of ammonia (NH3) to nitrate (NO3)
denitrification - answer✔✔conversion of nitrate (NO3) to nitrogen gas (N2)
energy - answer✔✔defined as the capacity to cause change or do work
what are the 2 units of energy - answer✔✔calorie and joule
calorie - answer✔✔amount of heat energy needed to raise the temperature of one gram of water
from 14.5 celsius to 15.5
joule - answer✔✔unit of work energy; 1 cal = 4.184 J
work - answer✔✔occurs when a force acts over a distance
what are the 3 kinds of work in cellular biology - answer✔✔chemical work, transport work, and
mechanical work
chemical work - answer✔✔the production of complex molecules from simpler ones
transport work - answer✔✔involves the elimination of waste, up take of nutrients, and
maintenance of ion balances within the cell
mechanical work - answer✔✔involves cell movement (motility) and movement of intracellular
structures
thermodynamics - answer✔✔study of energy change in a system
system - answer✔✔a collection of matter
surroundings - answer✔✔any matter in the universe outside of the system
first law of thermodynamics - answer✔✔energy cannot be created or destroyed; total energy in
the universe remains constant
second law of thermodynamics - answer✔✔entropy in the universe is constantly increasing
exergonic reactions - answer✔✔spontaneous and release energy, so they have a negative delta G
endergonic reactions - answer✔✔nonspontaneous reactions that require or absorb energy, so
they have a positive delta g
enzymes use the energy from ________ to fuel __________ reactions - answer✔✔exergonic
reactions; endergonic
what is ATP - answer✔✔a high energy compound that can be used to drive other reactions
how is ATP formed - answer✔✔created by an endergonic reaction when a high energy
phosphate group is added to ADP
the hydrolysis of ATP's end products are - answer✔✔ADP, Pi, and free energy (Exergonic)
what are some processes that can produce ATP - answer✔✔fermentation, aerobic respiration,
photosynthesis and anaerobic respiration
most nutrient sources are highly _______ and need to be _______ to extract energy -
answer✔✔reduced; oxidized
in cellular respiration, glucose is oxidized to form _____ and _____ - answer✔✔CO2 and H2O
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