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Exit HESI (Pediatrics, Maternity) Exam Questions and Answers
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Exit HESI (Pediatrics, Maternity) Exam Questions and Answers
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Exit HESI (Pediatrics, Maternity) ExamQuestions and Answers
Erikson stages of psychosocial development - Answer --Trust vs. Mistrust
-Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt
-Initiative vs. Guilt
-Industry vs. Inferiority
-Identity vs. Role Confusion
-Intimacy vs. Isolation
-Generativity vs. Stagnation
-Integrity vs. Despair
Piaget stages of cognitive development - Answer --Sensorimotor period
-Preoperational thought
-Concrete operation
-Formal operation
When does an infant's birth length double? - Answer -By 4 years
When does a child sit unsupported? - Answer -8 months
When does a child achieve 50% of adult height - Answer -2 years
When does a child throw a ball overhand? - Answer -18 months
When does a child speak two to three word sentences - Answer -2 years
When does a child use scissors? - Answer -4 years
When does a child tie his or her shoes? - Answer -5 years
When does a girl's growth spurt during adolescence occur? - Answer -As early as 10
years of age, and it occurs earlier in girls than boys
Toddler behavior - Answer -Temper tantrums are normal and are considered average
behavior
Is rebellion against family values normal behavior for an adolescent? - Answer -Yes. It
is while they are forming their own identity
,Why is knowledge of normal growth and development important? - Answer -It is used to
evaluate interventions and therapy. For example, what behavior would indicate that
thyroid hormone therapy for a 4-month-old is effective? You must know which
milestones are accomplished by a 4-month-old (i.e. he has steady head control)
Age range of an infant - Answer -Birth to 1 year
Age range of a toddler - Answer -1 to 3 years
Age range of a preschool child - Answer -3 to 6 years
Age range of a school-age child - Answer -6 to 12 years
Age range of an adolescent - Answer -12 to 19 years
Use facts and principles related to growth and development in planning teaching
interventions. - Answer -Example: What task could a 5-year-old boy with diabetes
expect to accomplish by himself? One thing may be to let him choose the injection sites.
This is possible for a preschooler to do and gives him a sense of control
Tanner stages of pubertal development - Answer -Girls: breast changes, rapid increase
in height and weight, growth of pubic hair, menstruation, appearance of axillary hair,
abrupt deceleration of linear growth
Boys: enlargement of testicles, growth of pubic hair/axillary hair/facial hair/body hair,
rapid increase in height, changes in larynx and voice, nocturnal emissions, abrupt
deceleration of linear growth
Age groups' concept of bodily image - Answer --Infants: after 6 months, their cognitive
development allows them to remember pain
-Toddlers: they fear intrusive procedures
-Preschoolers: they fear bodily mutilation
-School-age children: they fear loss of control of their bodies
-Adolescents: their major concern is change in body image
Major cause of death in children and adolescents - Answer -Accidents; teach parents
and children developmentally appropriate safety and accident-prevention techniques
History required for vaccine administration - Answer -DTaP: history of reactions,
seizures, neurologic symptoms after previous vaccine, or systemic allergic reactions
MMR: history of anaphylactic reaction to eggs or neomycin
Note: the common cold is not a contraindication for vaccinations
, Immunization teaching to parents - Answer --Irritability, fever of 102ºF, redness and
soreness at injection site for 2-3 days are normal side effects of DTaP and IPV
-Call HCP if seizures, high fever, or high-pitched crying occurs
-Warm washcloth on thigh injection and "bicycling" the legs with each diaper change
decreases soreness
-Tylenol every 4-6 hours
German measles (Rubella) - Answer -Nurse should counsel expectant mothers because
any child with this disease poses a threat to their unborn siblings
Pediculosis - Answer -Infestation of lice (head lice usually), which affects the scalp and
hair. Appears as small white flakes on the shaft of the hair. Treatment is directed toward
killing the adult lice, combing out the nits, and using a hair product containing
permethrin or pyrethin
Urinary output for infants and children - Answer -Should be 1 to 2 mL/kg/hr
Poisoning or ingestion in children - Answer -Syrup of ipecac is no longer recommended.
It is not best practice to induce vomiting in any way because it may cause more
damage. Teach parents to call poison control center for any concerns
To prevent lead poisoning - Answer -Make sure the child is getting adequate iron intake
to prevent excess lead absorption. More lead is absorbed on an empty stomach. Hot
water can contain higher levels of lead because it dissolves more quickly that cold
water. Only use cold water for consumption (drinking, cooking, and making infant
formulas)
What measurements in children reflect present nutritional status? - Answer -Weight,
skin-fold thickness, and arm circumference
Early signs of lead poisoning - Answer -Anemia, acute cramping, abdominal pain,
vomiting, constipation, anorexia, headache, lethargy, hyperactivity, aggression,
impulsiveness, decreased interest in play, irritability, short attention span
Cystic fibrosis nutrition - Answer -A child needs 150% of the usual calorie intake for
normal growth and development
Epiglottitis - Answer -DO not examine the throat of a child with epiglottitis because of
the risk of obstructing the airway completely
Priority of nursing care (any age) - Answer -Always the patency of the airway!
Primary reason children and families seek medical care - Answer -Respiratory
disorders. Knowing the normal parameters of respiratory rates and the key signs of
respiratory distress in children is essential
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