Jonas’ Introduction to the U S Health Care
System 9th Edition Goldsteen Test Bank HCM:
Introduction to the U.S. Health Care System
,What is health? - ANSWER-• Health is a state of complete physical, mental, and social well-
being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity.
What are the goals of the AOA? - ANSWER-•DOs practice a "whole person" approach to health
care.
•Instead of just treating specific symptoms, DOs concentrate on treating each patient as a
whole.
•DOs help patients develop attitudes and lifestyles that don't just fight illness but also help
prevent disease.
What does a good health care system require? - ANSWER-A good health system delivers quality
services to all people, when and where they need them. It requires:
1. Robust financing mechanisms
2. A well-trained and adequately paid workforce
3. Reliable information to base decisions and policies
4. Well maintained facilities
5. Logistics to deliver quality medicines and technologies
What are the determinants of health? - ANSWER-•Health care is just one determinant of health
•Others include
- genetic inheritance
-the physical environment
-the social environment
How can the physical environment affect health? - ANSWER-•Can provide exposure to toxins
and unsafe conditions, including due to employment
-Farm workers: injuries
,-Office workers: indoor air pollution
•previously asbestos
•now formaldehyde exposure and radon exposure
How can the social environment affect health? - ANSWER-•Can cause health risks
•Those with a lower socioeconomic status have more health risks, particularly for
-Cardiovascular disease
-Diabetes
-Asthma
-Cancer
-HIV/AIDS
What are the 10 leading causes of death in the US? - ANSWER-1.Heart disease
2.Cancer
3.COVID-19 (new on the list in 2020; killed 350,831 in 2020 & 416,893 in 2021)
4.Accidents (unintentional injuries)
5.Stroke (cerebrovascular diseases)
6.Chronic lower respiratory diseases
7.Alzheimer's disease
8.Diabetes
9.Chronic liver disease and cirrhosis
10.Nephritis, nephrotic syndrome, and nephrosis
What is the focus of health care and how is it categorized? - ANSWER-•The central focus of
health care is to restore health or prevent exacerbation of health problems
•Health care can be categorized as primary, secondary, and tertiary
, What is primary prevention? - ANSWER-•Eliminate risk factors for a disease
What is Secondary Prevention? - ANSWER-•Early detection of disease so treatment is more
effective
What is Tertiary Prevention? - ANSWER--Focuses on optimum treatment of identified disease to
reduce the incidence of later complications
-May include rehabilitation and
limitation of disability
What was the focus on health care prior to 2010? - ANSWER-•Previous focus on secondary &
tertiary prevention, not on primary, except for provisions of immunizations
What did the 2010 affordable care act change focus to? - ANSWER-•2010 Affordable Care Act
changed focus to maintenance of health prior to the onset of disease in several ways, including:
-removing deductibles & copays for preventive services
-providing grants to employers for wellness programs
-insurance premium discounts for employers with wellness programs
-requiring chain restaurants to publish
calorie counts for their food
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