LS 15 Phelan Final Exam Practice Questions and Answers
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Course
LS15
Institution
University Of California - Los Angeles
LS 15 Phelan Final Exam Practice
Questions and Answers
Botox - Answer️️ -Most toxic substance, lethal at 2 billionths of a gram.
Produced by bacterium Clostridium botulinum as a defense. Can cause
botulism. It gets into terminal button at neuron/muscle synapses and
degrades SNAP-25 protein...
LS 15 Phelan Final Exam Practice
Questions and Answers
Botox - Answer✔️✔️-Most toxic substance, lethal at 2 billionths of a gram.
Produced by bacterium Clostridium botulinum as a defense. Can cause
botulism. It gets into terminal button at neuron/muscle synapses and
degrades SNAP-25 protein (and others) that are required for fusion of
vesicles with the terminal button membrane. It prevents the release of
acetylcholine and paralyzes the muscle. Stays in terminal button for 2-4
months.
LSD - Answer✔️✔️-Binds to serotonin in receptors, increases sensitivity
Ecstasy - Answer✔️✔️-Increases serotonin production. Blocks serotonin
reuptake. Permanently damages serotonin-producing cells in cerebral
cortex (used in learning) and hippocampus (used for memory)
Crystal meth - Answer✔️✔️-Stimulates dopamine and serotonin release
Oxycontin - Answer✔️✔️-Mimics opium-like neurotransmitter in pain
neurons, blocking their function
Adderall - Answer✔️✔️-Increases the release of adrenaline and dopamine;
blocks reuptake of adrenaline, dopamine, and serotonin
Why does alcohol affect us? - Answer✔️✔️-It mimics a lot of
neurotransmitters
How does alcohol reduce anxiety? - Answer✔️✔️-It mimics GABA (an
inhibitory NT that prevents cells from firing, calming you down),
enhancing its efficiency.
How does alcohol produce stimulated energized feelings? - Answer✔️✔️-
Dopamine makes us happy. Alcohol increases dopamine levels.
How does alcohol block pain? - Answer✔️✔️-Endorphins block pain
messages. Alcohol stimulates endorphin release.
Alcohol + Depression - Answer✔️✔️-Serotonin makes us context. Alcohol
increases serotonin receptor activity.
How does alcohol slow you down? - Answer✔️✔️-Glutamate is an excitatory
NT that alcohol blocks the receptors of. It is slowed/slurred speech.
How do our bodies process alcohol? - Answer✔️✔️-Ethanol --> Alcohol
dehydrogenase --> Acetaldehyde --> Aldehyde dehydrogenase --> Acetic
acid
Why can we metabolize alcohol? - Answer✔️✔️-Our internal bacteria
produce alcohol in small amounts.
Why does Asians get Asian flush? - Answer✔️✔️-50% of Asians produce an
inactive form of aldehyde dehydrogenase, so acetaldehyde levels increase.
Acetaldehyde causes rapid pulse, sweating, skin flushing,
nausea/vomiting. Fast flushing is having both copies of inactive aldehyde
dehydrogenase gene, and slow flushing is when there is one copy.
What are many genetic diseases or beneficial conditions the result of? -
Answer✔️✔️-Non-functioning metabolic pathways.
Non-genetic influences on alcohol metabolism - Answer✔️✔️-Antabuse:
Blocks action of aldehyde dehydrogenase
Aspirin: Blocks alcohol dehydrogenase
Why does Antabuse have a low success rate in treating alcoholism? -
Answer✔️✔️-Nobody wants to take a daily pill for negative results. Could
work better as a one-a-year thing.
Dopamine receptor gene - Answer✔️✔️-Long version of the gene: more
responsive receptor
Short version of the gene: less responsive receptor
Worldwide, at least 20% carry at least 1 copy of the long gene, so they get
more pleasure from dopamine release.
3. Vesicles fuse with terminal button membrane
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