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NURS 309 Exam 1 (Fluid and Electrolytes) Questions With Complete Solutions
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NURS 309 Exam 1 (Fluid and Electrolytes) Questions With Complete Solutions
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NURS 309 Exam 1 (Fluid and Electrolytes) Questions WithComplete Solutions
Assessing Fluid Balance Correct Answers What do we look at:
-**weight and I&Os
-VS, CVP
-Na, BUN, Hct
-head to toe assessment (edema, turgor, ascites)
How often assess:
-Q8 (typically)
-Q1 if imbalance present for Pt
Best Indicator for FVD or FVE Correct Answers FVD:
-weight loss
FVE:
-weight gain
Calcium Correct Answers *normal values: 8.5-10.5
-regulated by PTH
-skeletal and heart muscle function
-nerve transmission
-blood clotting, acid base balance, bone and teeth rigidity
Sources:
-absorbed in GI tract and kidneys
-proteins (milk products, canned salmon, sardines)
-broccoli, spinach, turnip greens
-tofu
-rhubarb, almonds, figs
,Calcium >13.5 Correct Answers *MEDICAL
EMERGENCY!!!
Medication:
-Aredia (biophosphonate) IV
-Plicamcyn IV for metastatic cancer
-Salmon calcitonin IM or SQ
-IV phosphorus
Chloride (Cl) Correct Answers *normal values: 95-105
-combines with alkali to form salts in body (NaCl, KCl)
-helps maintain acid-base and electrolyte balance
-forms HCl acid for digestion
-helps maintain nerve transmission and muscle contraction and
relaxation
Considerations with Diuretics Correct Answers -assess to
determine if diuretic is needed
-obtain BP, K
-hold if systolic BP <100
-hold if K<4.0 (if pt not on K supplements)
Diet with Diarrhea Correct Answers -early reintroduction of
(bland) food to decrease number of diarrhea
-BRAT diet (short term, has inadequate lytes, protein, calories if
long term)
Diuretics Correct Answers -Furosemide (Lasix): loop diuretic,
decreases K
-Spironolactone (Aldactone): increases K
, -Thiazides: decreases K, Mg, Na (increases uric acid, Ca), teach
pt about increased risk for sunburn
*what should check b4 administering:
-BP, HR, lab values (K)
Enteral Feedings for FVD Correct Answers *enteral feedings
very concentrated which can cause dehydration
-provide additional plain water bolus periodically
Foods High in Potassium (K) Correct Answers -spinach,
broccoli, carrots, green beans, tomatoes, acorn squash, potatoes
-bananas, cantaloupe, oranges, apricots, strawberries
-milk, milk products, yogurt, meat
-legumes, nuts, seeds
-whole grains
Oral K:
-can give up to 100 mEq/day in divided doses
-can be given as pill, liquid (would always dilute usually in
orange juice), powder
How Fast should IVF go Correct Answers Depending on:
-severity fluid loss (trauma)
-age and weight
-hemodynamic stability or instability
-adequate heart and kidneys
*generally give 0.9% boluses of 100-200ml q15min until BP
stable: with hypotension and FVD
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