NUR 400 - Blood Transfusions Review Questions and Correct Answers
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Course
NUR 400
Institution
NUR 400
Why do we test blood types? We have antigens on our RBCs. Antigens are RBC surface proteins. These proteins promote an immune response that reacts to foreign invaders. Antibodies are proteins that react with a specific antigen. We have to make sure that these match up to prevent a reaction.
Blood ...
NUR 400 - Blood Transfusions Review
Questions and Correct Answers
Why do we test blood types? ✅We have antigens on our RBCs. Antigens are RBC
surface proteins. These proteins promote an immune response that reacts to foreign
invaders. Antibodies are proteins that react with a specific antigen. We have to make
sure that these match up to prevent a reaction.
Blood typing is done so you can safely donate your blood or receive a blood transfusion.
It is also done to see if you have a substance called Rh factor on the surface of your red
blood cells.
What test determines blood compatibility? ✅Type and Crossmatch Test
type = blood type
crossmatch= what blood can this person receive
three antigens to consider when administering blood products ✅ABO antigen, Rhesus
antigen, Human Leukocyte antigen (HLA)
What is the Rhesus factor? ✅Rhesus (Rh) factor is an inherited protein found on the
surface of red blood cells. If your blood has the protein, you're Rh positive. If your blood
lacks the protein, you're Rh negative. Rh positive is the most common blood type.
What test determines rhesus factor? ✅Coombs Test determines antibodies on red
blood cells, so it detects the Rh factor if it is there.
Human Leukocyte Antigen (HLA) ✅Protein in a plasma membrane that identifies the
cell as belonging to a particular individual and acts as an antigen in other organisms.
We "leukocyte reduce" often to prevent any blood reactions!
Type A blood ✅A antigens, B antibodies
What blood can type A receive? ✅Type A or O
Type B blood ✅B antigens, A antibodies
What blood can type B receive? ✅B and O
Type AB blood ✅A and B antigens, no antibodies
, What blood can type AB receive? ✅A, B, AB, O
** universal recipient!
Type O blood ✅no antigens, A and B antibodies, no Rh factor!!
What blood can type O receive? ✅O
** universal donor!
Rh positive (Rh+) ✅Rh antigen is present on the RBC
These folks can have positive OR negative blood!!
Rh negative (Rh-) ✅absence of Rh antigens
These folks MUST have negative blood only!!
considerations in pregnant women: ✅sometimes mommy and baby have different
blood types, so babies are given a specific medication to help them. The Rh factor test
is done on ALL pregnant women!
GIVE: RhoGAM!!!
An Rh negative mom (not her baby) will receive RhoGAM at several points throughout
pregnancy when the Rh factor of the dad is positive or unknown. This prevents her from
making antibodies to Rh positive blood — antibodies that can destroy her baby's blood
cells
T or F: giving blood is a two nurse job ✅YES! Two nurses must sign off on it since it is
so so important to give the right blood to the right pt.
What is a full unit of blood? ✅250-300 CCs
Whole Blood ✅plasma and formed elements together - not given frequently. very few
conditions require whole blood. In general, whole blood is stored then used to prepare
its separate components.
Packed RBCs (PRBCs) ✅RBCs used for anemia, hemorrhage (given quicker than
normal), bone marrow depression.
Hemoglobin level SHOULD be at 7-8 to be a "safe" level. If a patient comes in with a
Hgb of 4, they obvi need multiple units of PRBCs.
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