Bacteriology (COMLEX-USA Level 1) comprehensive questions & answers
Mycoplasma - //What is the only bacteria without a cell wall?
Chlamydia - //What is the only bacteria without peptidoglycan in its cells wall?
Gram (-) - //Would you expect to find lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in gram (+) or gra...
Mycoplasma - //What is the only bacteria without a cell wall?
Chlamydia - //What is the only bacteria without peptidoglycan in
its cells wall?
Gram (-) - //Would you expect to find lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in
gram (+) or gram (-) bacteria?
(1) Bacillus (2) Clostridium - //What two bacteria have the ability
to form spores?
(1) Streptococcus pneumoniae (2) Neisseria meningitidis (3)
Haemophilus influenzae - //What are the three clinically important
encapsulated bacteria?
Lipid A - //What component of lipopolysaccharides makes up the
endotoxin found in gram (-) bacteria?
Gram (-) - //Are O antigens indicative of gram (+) or gram (-)
bacteria?
(1) Stimulates macrophages (2) Activates the alternative pathway
of complement (3) Activates factor 12 (hageman) of the
,coagulation cascade - //What are the three primary activities of
endotoxin (lipid A)?
Exotoxin; Endotoxin - //Which is more antigenic endotoxin or
exotoxin? Which is more heat stable?
Tetanus toxin; Mucle spasms - //What major exotoxin blocks
glycine and GABA release? What is its effect?
Tetanus toxin; Clostridium tetani - //What major exotoxin causes
lockjaw, risus sardonicus, and eventually paralysis of respiratory
muscles? What bacterium is it associated with?
Botulinum toxin; Muscle paralysis (flaccid) - //What major exotoxin
blocks the release of Ach at neuromuscular junctions? What is its
effect?
(1) Mycobacteria (2) Nocardia; Ziehl Neelsen stain - //What two
bacteria are said to be acid fast (+)? What is another name for
the acid fast stain?
Acid fast (Ziehl Neelsen) stain - //What type of stain is used to
detect bacteria with waxy cell walls?
Cryptococcus - //What fungus is detected by india ink?
Polysaccharides; Iron - //A periodic acid-schiff stain test for the
presence of _____, while a prussian blue stain tests for the
presence of _____.
, Amyloid - //What does a congo red stain detect?
Red, Apple-green - //When viewed under a light microscope, what
color does congo red stain amyloid? What color is it when viewed
under a polarizing light microscope?
Blue-violet; Pink-red - //After a gram stain, what color are gram
(+) organisms? Gram (-)?
(1) Crystal violet (2) Gram's iodine (3) Alcohol (4) Safranin -
//What are the four steps of gram staining?
Botulinum toxin; Clostridium botulinum - //What is the most
potent exotoxin? What bacterium is it associated with?
Botulinum toxin - //What major exotoxin causes constipation
followed by descending flaccid paralysis?
Diphtheria toxin; Corynebacterium diphtheria - //What major
exotoxin features pharyngeal pseudomembrane development,
myocarditis, and muslce weakness/paralysis? What bacterium is it
associated with?
(1) Throat (2) Heart (3) Neural tissue - //What three parts of the
body are most affected by diphtheria toxin?
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