Provides an overview of eukaryotic cells including the structures and function of the different parts of the cell as well as differences in fungi and protozoa organisms.
At this point you should have a good understanding of the manner in which prokaryotes are similar and also
how they differ. You should also have a feel for the importance of these differences both to the cells involved
(why do eukaryotes have mitochondria, but bacteria do not?), and clinically (why is it important to us that
bacteria make peptidoglycan, but we don’t?). In that light:
List as many similarities and differences between prokaryotes and eukaryotes as you can.
- Similarities: Flagella functions are the same
Glycocalyx
Some have a Cell Wall
Cell Membrane made of phospholipid bilayer and contains same channels, proteins, etc as well
as same functions
DNA
Ribosomes
Cytoskeleton
- Differences: Eukaryotic cells are much bigger
Eukaryotic cells more complex
Flagella found in eukaryotes are made of microtubules
Another appendage in eukaryotes is cilia —> used to move around and pull food towards them
Eukaryotic cell walls made of chitin, pectin, cellulose instead of peptidoglycan
Eukaryotic cell membranes contain much more sterols
Eukaryotic DNA resides in the nucleus in linear chromatins instead of circular chromosomes
Eukaryotes have organelles like a nucleus, mitochondria, smooth and rough ER, Golgi apparatus,
Eukaryotes sometimes use a specialized endocytosis process called phagocytosis to consume and
digest food
Draw a ciliated, encapsulated eukaryotic cell. Make sure you label all the structures that define this cell,
and any others that you can think of, remembering you need to know what function these structures
have.
, Flagellum and cilia: help the cell move and gather food
Cell membrane: channels, pumps, receptors integrated into the lipid bilayer and help keep cell
shape, regulate what enters and exits the cell, receives signals from external stimuli
Nucleus: command center that holds genetic information
Endoplasmic reticulum (rough): studded with ribosomes and the site where proteins are
synthesized and processed
Endoplasmic reticulum (smooth): makes lipids, detoxifies bad molecules, storage site for
calcium
Golgi apparatus: site where proteins are modified and packaged for delivery outside the cell
Ribosomes: Plays part in transcription and translation in the cell for protein synthesis
Mitochondria: produce lots of ATP (energy) for the cell functions
Cytoskeleton: made of three types of fibers, helps maintain cell structure, involved in moving
stuff around inside the cell, involved in locomotion, critical to growth, development, and reproduction
(responsible for puling apart chromosomes in mitosis and meiosis)
Compare and contrast bacterial and eukaryotic flagella.
The benefits of buying summaries with Stuvia:
Guaranteed quality through customer reviews
Stuvia customers have reviewed more than 700,000 summaries. This how you know that you are buying the best documents.
Quick and easy check-out
You can quickly pay through credit card or Stuvia-credit for the summaries. There is no membership needed.
Focus on what matters
Your fellow students write the study notes themselves, which is why the documents are always reliable and up-to-date. This ensures you quickly get to the core!
Frequently asked questions
What do I get when I buy this document?
You get a PDF, available immediately after your purchase. The purchased document is accessible anytime, anywhere and indefinitely through your profile.
Satisfaction guarantee: how does it work?
Our satisfaction guarantee ensures that you always find a study document that suits you well. You fill out a form, and our customer service team takes care of the rest.
Who am I buying these notes from?
Stuvia is a marketplace, so you are not buying this document from us, but from seller jennasteiner. Stuvia facilitates payment to the seller.
Will I be stuck with a subscription?
No, you only buy these notes for $7.99. You're not tied to anything after your purchase.
