Exam (elaborations)
Pharm: Anticoagulant Drugs Exam
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Pharm: Anticoagulant Drugs Exam Pharm: Anticoagulant Drugs Exam Pharm: Anticoagulant Drugs Exam
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Pharm: Anticoagulant Drugs Exambleed - reducing the risk of blood clots increases the risk to ____________
embolus - A clot that breaks lose and travels through the bloodstream.
thrombus - stationary blood clot
hemostasis - Physiologic process by which bleeding is stopped
- Vasoconstriction
- Plug formation
- Activation of clotting cascade
- Formation of a fibrin clot
- Fibrinolysis - what are the general steps of hemostasis?
clotting factors - vitamin K produces ____________ factors
liver - what synthesizes vitamin K?
factors 10A - where does the intrinsic and extrinsic pathways join?
intrinsic - aPTT is on the _____________ pathway
extrinsic - PT is on the __________ pathway
arterial - Platelet-rich thrombus (white clots) form in high flow rate and high shear force
environment of arteries
venous - Fibrin-rich clots (red clots) contain large amounts of RBC
ischemia - Arterial thrombus causes acute ______________ to extremities or organs
, calf
pulmonary artery - where does a venous thrombus most likely develop? where does it travel?
decreased cardiac output - what is the risk with venous clot?
Stroke prevention in non-valvular/valvular atrial fibrillation
Treatment & prevention of deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism
Venous thrombotic event prevention after hip and replacement surgery - name the 3 most common
reasons for anti-thrombotic?
1. Age > 40 years
2. Obesity
3. ICU admission
4. Central venous line
5. Limited mobility
6. History of heart failure, atrial fibrillation, varicose veins, nephrotic syndrome, sickle cell disease,
pregnancy, estrogen use, admitted with pneumonia or serious infection, DVT or pulmonary
embolism
7. Major trauma
8. Ischemic stroke or paralysis
9. Malignancy - name a few risk factors for blood clots:
aspirin daily - when the risk assessment is scored a 0 (low), what is the intervention?
aspirin daily or warfarin/DOAC - when the risk assessment is 1 (moderate), what is the intervention?
DOAC - when the risk assessment is 2 (high), what is the intervention?
Prophalactic or therapeutic - what are the 2 different types of anticoagulation dosages?
kidney function
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