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COMD 5070 - Final Exam Rated A+
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COMD 5070 - Final Exam Rated A+
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COMD 5070 - Final Exam Rated A+a line spectrum is a _______ in time. - ANSWER-snapshot
a semitone is always 1/__th of an octave. - ANSWER-1/12th
as you lower tongue and jaw, you ______ F1 frequency. - ANSWER-increase
as you move tongue backward, (increase/decrease) F2 frequency. - ANSWER-
decrease
as you move tongue forward, (increase/decrease) F2 frequency. - ANSWER-increase
as you raise tongue and jaw, you ______ F1 frequency. - ANSWER-decrease
do we need language competence to perceive phonetic differences? - ANSWER-NO
during early childhood, auditory feedback is _______ for learning how to make certain
sounds but ________ later in life. - ANSWER-essential (early on)
not as necessary later in life (closed-loop feedback is inappropriate for speaking)
EMG intramusuclar electrodes are for what? - ANSWER-fine detail
EMG surface electrodes are for what? - ANSWER-overall activity measures of larger
muscles
Flow during oral consonants indicates _______. - ANSWER-leakage
for a voiced stop, how long is the stop gap? - ANSWER-short
hoarse voices have (high/low) perturbation. - ANSWER-higher
how can you estimate subglottal pressure? - ANSWER-produce voiceless bilabial
plosive (pah, pah, pah)
-this is when oral pressure equals subglottal pressure
how can you measure flow? - ANSWER-pneumotachograph
how can you vary the FILTER behavior? - ANSWER-tongue/jaw movement
how can you vary the SOURCE behavior?
-loudness
-pitch
-voice quality - ANSWER-loudness - more force from lungs
pitch - stretch vocal folds to increase tension
, voice quality - breathy? adjust space between arytenoids
how do semitones correlate to our pitch perception? - ANSWER-both systems are not
linear
-difference in fundamental frequencies between males and females will have a similar
standard deviation in semitones
how do we know a baby hears phonetic differences? - ANSWER-infant heart rate drops
for novel stimuli
how do we parse words from a stream of sounds? - ANSWER-some top-down
processing is essential
-reliance on linguistic knowledge (of person, topic, setting) to create expectations
-clears ambiguities from early processing
how do you calculate average air flow? - ANSWER-dividing volume used by time
-for example, if 1 liter of air is used and phonation lasts for 5 seconds
-average flow = 1/5 liters per second = 0.2 L/s
how does categorical perception differ from continuous perception? - ANSWER-While
both continuous and categorical perception have no right or wrong responses, they
differ in that categorical perception represents a binary, one choice or another, whereas
continuous perception offers a range of choices. In the loudness chart, two people can
have drastically different perceptions of how loud a tone is. In the da/ta plot, there are
only two choices, and most people's crossover points should lie within 20 ms of each
other.
how does electromagnetic articulography work? - ANSWER--uses several
electromagnetic signals
-each transmitter has its own frequency
-wires to each sensor
how does magnetic jaw tracking work? - ANSWER--single permanent magnet attached
to teeth
-headset detects magnet movements
how does Ohm's law relate to the voice (equation)? - ANSWER-laryngeal airway
resistance = subglottic pressure / air flow
how does the tongue move during acoustically identified phoneme boundaries? -
ANSWER-dynamically and constantly
how is F0 affected by enthusiastic intonation? - ANSWER-higher average and
maximum F0
how is phonetic memory acquired? - ANSWER-repeated exposure to sounds
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