Respiratory acidosis chronic CM - ANSWER✔✔ 1. weakness
,2. headache
Respiratory acidosis interventions - ANSWER✔✔ 1. provide pulmonary hygiene
2. institute measures to improve gas exchange, such as chest physiotherapy,
bronchodilators, antibiotics possible.
3. provide supplemental oxygen
4. maintain hydration
Respiratory alkalosis - ANSWER✔✔ may be caused by *hyperventilation resulting
from anxiety*, fever, sepsis, thyrotoxicosis, lesion in the respiratory center in the
brain, or excessive ventilation with a mechanical ventilator
Respiratory alkalosis interventions - ANSWER✔✔ 1. if caused by anxiety,
encourage the pt to relax & breathe slowly
2. for other causes: identify & treat the underlying disorder.
,Metabolic acidosis - ANSWER✔✔ may be caused by retained acids in the blood
resulting from renal impairment, poorly controlled diabetes mellitus, or starvation
conditions that decrease bicarbonate, such as *excessive GI loss*, will also trigger
metabolic acidosis
may be caused by excessive intake of acids, which may occur with aspirin
poisoning, or by prolonged infusion of chloride containing IV fluids
Metabolic acidosis interventions - ANSWER✔✔ 1. treatment is directed at
correcting the underlying problem
2. bicarbonate may be ordered
, Metabolic alkalosis - ANSWER✔✔ may be caused by *excessive acid loss due to
vomiting or gastric suction*, use of potassium-wasting diuretics, hypokalemia,
excess bicarbonate intake, or hyperaldosteronism
*pH up, PaCO2 normal, HCO3 up*
*lungs try to compensate by hypoventilation*
Metabolic alkalosis CM - ANSWER✔✔ 1. dizziness
2. tingling of extremities
3. hypertonic muscles
4. decreased respiratory rate & depth
Metabolic alkalosis interventions - ANSWER✔✔ 1. treatment is directed at
correcting the underlying problem
2. treatment often includes administration of NaCl-rich fluids.
Nursing care when ABG's are obtained - ANSWER✔✔ -done by sticking needle
into an artery; angle is much deeper
-ideally sample should be put on ice before taking it to the machine
-radial, brachial, & femoral arteries are most common
-apply firm pressure to site for 5 min after stick (if on anticoagulants, needs to be
longer)
-monitor the site, monitor circulation distal to site, make sure pt has good
capillary refill, color is pink, & that they still have sensation
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