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NR 507 Final exam with solutions
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NR 507 Final exam with solutions
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NR 507 Final exam with solutionsInnate Immunity - .......🔷ANSWERS🔶......✔✔ Is in place at birth to prevent damage by substances
in the environment and thwart infection by pathogenic microorganisms
Two Types of Innate Immunity - .......🔷ANSWERS🔶......✔✔ Natural Barriers (physical,
mechanical, and biochemical) and Inflammation
Adaptive (Acquired) Immunity - .......🔷ANSWERS🔶......✔✔ Third line of defense that is initiated
when innate immune system signals the cells of adaptive immunity. Responsive toward a very
specific antigen. Develops slowly during first exposure, but is immediate at second exposure.
Cells of Adaptive Immunity - .......🔷ANSWERS🔶......✔✔ T Lymphocytes, B lymphocytes,
macrophages, dendritic cells
Cells of Innate Immunity - .......🔷ANSWERS🔶......✔✔ Mast cells, granulocytes (neutrophils,
eosinophils, basophils), Natural Killer cells, platelets, and endothelial cells
The relationship between arterial perfusion and alveolar gas pressure at the base of the lungs
- .......🔷ANSWERS🔶......✔✔ arterial perfusion pressure exceeds alveolar gas pressure
When an individual is in an upright position - .......🔷ANSWERS🔶......✔✔ gravity pulls the lungs
down toward the diaphragm and compresses the bases of the lungs
Psoriasis, pityriasis rosea, lichen planus - .......🔷ANSWERS🔶......✔✔ inflammatory disorders
characterized by papules, scales, plaques, and erythema
Psoriasis - .......🔷ANSWERS🔶......✔✔ chronic, relapsing, proliferative, inflammatory disorder that
involves skin, scalp, and nails. It can occur at any age
, Pityriasis rosea - .......🔷ANSWERS🔶......✔✔ benign, self-limiting inflammatory disorder that
occurs more often in young adults. Peaks in the spring and the fall. The cause is unknown, but it is
associated with a virus.
Pityriasis rosea symptoms - .......🔷ANSWERS🔶......✔✔ begins as a single lesion (herald patch) that
is circular, demarcated, and salmon-pink. Usually located on the trunk.
Lichen Planus - .......🔷ANSWERS🔶......✔✔ benign, autoimmune, inflammatory disorder of the
skin and mucous membranes. Linked to Hepatitis C, drugs, and film-processing chemicals. Age of
onset is usually 30-70 years old
Lichen Planus Symptoms - .......🔷ANSWERS🔶......✔✔ begins with flat, purple, polygonal, pruitic,
nonscaling papules. Usually located on the wrists, ankles, lower legs, and genitalia. New lesions are
pale pink and develop into a dark violet. Persistent lesions become thickened and red (hypertrophic
LP). Oral lesions are lacy white rings and may be precancerous lesions
Croup - .......🔷ANSWERS🔶......✔✔ infection and obstruction of the upper airways. most
commonly occurs in children from 6 months to 3 years of age (peak at 2yo). Highest incidence in the
autumn and winter (parainfluenza and RSV seasons). More common in boys than girls.
Chickenpox - .......🔷ANSWERS🔶......✔✔ Produced by varicella-zoster virus (VZV). Inbubation
time is 10-27 days (avg 14). Productive infection occurs within keratinocytes such that vesicular
lesions occur in the epidermis, and an inflammatory inflitrate is often present.
Anemia - .......🔷ANSWERS🔶......✔✔ reduction in total number of erythrocytes in the circulating
blood or a decrease in the quality or quantity of hemoglobin. Result from impaired erythrocyte
production, blood loss, increased erythrocyte destruction, or a combination
Pernicious Anemia - .......🔷ANSWERS🔶......✔✔ most common type of megaloblastic anemia.
Caused by vitamin B12 deficiency. Associated with end stage type A chronic atrophic gastritis and
results from inadequate absorption of vitamin B12
Folate (folic acid) is essential for - .......🔷ANSWERS🔶......✔✔ RNA and DNA synthesis within the
maturing erythrocyte. Required for synthesis of thymine and purines and conversion of homcystine
to methionine.
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