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NR507 Midterm Exam with complete ANSWERS
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NR507 Midterm Exam with complete ANSWERS
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NR507 Midterm Exam with completeANSWERS
Innate immunity - .......🔷ANSWERS🔶......✔✔ the immunity we are born with
Immune response: 3 levels/lines of protection - .......🔷ANSWERS🔶......✔✔ 1st line: physical,
mechanical, & biochemical barriers
2nd line: the inflammatory response
3rd line: lymphocyte production
most important immune defense - .......🔷ANSWERS🔶......✔✔ intact skin and mucous membranes
(impermeable barrier)
PAMP - .......🔷ANSWERS🔶......✔✔ pathogen associated molecular pattern
surfaces of bacteria, viruses, and other microbes are covered with many foreign proteins
foreign
DAMP - .......🔷ANSWERS🔶......✔✔ damage associated molecular pattern
many proteins are released from inside our cells when they are damaged
foreign
PRR - .......🔷ANSWERS🔶......✔✔ pattern recognition receptors
,surfaces of WBCs contain these receptor sites
-continuously interact with any material they encounter to ID it as "self" or "non-self" (foreign;
PAMP or DAMP)
Chemotaxis - .......🔷ANSWERS🔶......✔✔ Cell movement that occurs in response to chemical
stimulus
Phagocytosis - .......🔷ANSWERS🔶......✔✔ "cell eating"
1. opsonization and adherence
2. engulfment - WBC surrounds and ingests Ag
3. Fusion of phagosome with lysosome
4. destruction - phagosome digested by lysozyme, H202, acids, and other toxic chemicals inside the
lysosomes
5. egestion
Hypersensitivity Type 1:_____ - .......🔷ANSWERS🔶......✔✔ Allergic reaction
Hypersensitivity: Type 1
Mediated by ______ - .......🔷ANSWERS🔶......✔✔ IgE
Hypersensitivity: Type 1
Inflammation due to _____________ - .......🔷ANSWERS🔶......✔✔ mast cell degranulation
Hypersensitivity: Type 1
local symptoms - .......🔷ANSWERS🔶......✔✔ itching, rash
Hypersensitivity: Type 1
systemic symptoms - .......🔷ANSWERS🔶......✔✔ wheezing
, Hypersensitivity: Type 1
most dangerous form - .......🔷ANSWERS🔶......✔✔ anaphylactic reaction-systemic response-
hypotension, severe bronchoconstriction
Hypersensitivity: Type 1
main treatment ___________ - .......🔷ANSWERS🔶......✔✔ epinephrine
Hypersensitivity Type 2: _________________ - .......🔷ANSWERS🔶......✔✔ Cytotoxic reaction;
tissue specific (example: thyroid tissue) hapten causes mediation of IgE or IgM
Hypersensitivity: Type 2
Primary effector cells involved - .......🔷ANSWERS🔶......✔✔ macrophages
Hypersensitivity: Type 2
can cause ____________ - .......🔷ANSWERS🔶......✔✔ tissue damage or alter function
Hypersensitivity: Type 2
example of altered function - .......🔷ANSWERS🔶......✔✔ graves disease (hyperthyroidism)-example
of altering thyroid function, but does not destroy thyroid tissue
Hypersensitivity: Type 2
example of tissue damage - .......🔷ANSWERS🔶......✔✔ incompatible blood type-example of
cell/tissue damage that occurs; severe transfusion reaction occurs and the transfused erythrocytes
are destroyed by agglutination or complement-mediated lysis
Hypersensitivity: Type 3 - .......🔷ANSWERS🔶......✔✔ Not organ specific
Immune complex-mediated hypersensitivity reactions
-the antibody binds to soluble antigen outside the cell surface and the complex is deposited in the
tissues
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