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DXI - midterm (Questions & Answers) Rated 100%

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what is posterior arch smiles of anterior arch frowns? when would you see this - on AP open mouth when there is a slight angulation of the atlas with the posterior tubercle being inferior to the anterior tub what is the common appearance of neuromuscular scoliosis? - a long C shaped curve extend...

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  • August 27, 2024
  • 16
  • 2024/2025
  • Exam (elaborations)
  • Questions & answers
  • DXI
  • DXI
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PatrickKaylian
DXI - midterm
what is posterior arch smiles of anterior arch frowns? when would you see this - on AP open
mouth when there is a slight angulation of the atlas with the posterior tubercle being inferior to the
anterior tub

what is the common appearance of neuromuscular scoliosis? - a long C shaped curve extending
from the sacrum to the upper cervical region

what is the Hueter-volkmann principle? what type of scoliosis is this most commonly associated with? -
with greater curvatures, wedge deformities of the vertebral bodies may occur within the apex of
the curve on the concave side which impairs growth

-the wedge deformities persist into adult life



Any lateral curvature greater than ____ degrees in the ____ plane is considered scoliosis - 10;
coronal



the most common curve is to the ____ . - right



define structural scoliosis - lateral curvature of the spine that fails to correct on lateral bending



what are the different types of structural scoliosis? - idiopathic, congenital, neuromuscular, and
neurofibromatosis



what is the most common type of structural scoliosis? what %? - idiopathic (80%)



idiopathic:

a. etiology

b. curvature

c. types - a. unknown etiology

b. majority of thoracic curves are to the right, but if the curve is to the left than there is a higher
incidence of underlying pathology

c. infantile - (birth - 3 yrs)

,juvenile (3-10 years of age), adolescent (10+)



What is the most common type of idiopathic scoliosis? - adolescent



which type of idiopathic scoliosis is more prevalent in females by a 4:1 ratio? 9:1? - 4:1, juvenile

9:1, adolescent



when is idiopathic scoliosis usually a left thoracic curvature? - when it is progressive in infantile
scoliosis



which type of idiopathic scoliosis is most rare in the US? - infantile



what is the most common curvature in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis? what ages are the most critical
time for most rapid progression? - right thoracic curvature

12-16



what is congenital scoliosis? what are some examples? - caused by anomalies of the vertebrae or
ribs

ex: hemivertebrae, congenital blocked segments, spina bifida, and rib synostosis



what other disfunctions are very common to accompany congenital scoliosis? - genitourinary
abnormalities or anomalies



what is the most common neuropathy associated with neuromuscular scoliosis? - poliomyelitis



when is scoliosis suspicious for an underlying intraspinal pathology? - when the curvature is 15
degrees or higher before the age of 11



or if it is a left sided thoracic curvature

, what is the cause and shape of myopathic scoliosis? - long C shaped curve

-most common cause is muscular distrophy



what is neurofibromatosis? - genetic disorder that causes tumors to form on nerve endings



what is the most common bony abnormality? - scoliosis, present in 10-50% of patients



what is not structural scoliosis? - spinal curvatures that have no structural alterations, correct on
lateral bending



what would unequal leg length and antalgic posture most likely be associated with? -
nonstructural scoliosis



define mensuration - measurement of the spinal curvature



how is cobbs method done? - on AP radiographs. line is drawn from superior endplate of the
superior vertebrate and another line is drawn along the inferior endplate of the inferior vertebrae

perpendicular lines are drawn from each end plate line and the angle measurement is taken at the
vertical intersection of these lines



how would you do cobbs method if the end plates are not optimally visualized? - the superior or
inferior surfaces of the pedicles can be used



what is the benefits of cobbs method over kisser ferguson? - measurements are larger, more
easily applied, and more easily reproducible



how would you perform the risser-ferguson method? - AP radiographs.

the centers of the end and apical vertebrae are identified. these are connected by lines and the superior
angle of the intersecting line is measured

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