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CIM 3420 Midterm questions and answers verified 2024
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CIM 3420 Midterm questions and answers verified 2024
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CIM 3420 MidtermLime Concrete - correct answer ✔The process of "calcination" (Lime
Cycle)converting calcium carbonate (CaCO3) to quicklime(CaO) releasing
CO2during the process! àFollowed by hydration of the lime (hydrated lime)
and its (slow) conversion back to calcium carbonate from its reaction with
CO2in the atmosphere
Gypsum cement - correct answer ✔Similar process to calcination of
limestone except with the use of gypsum.
C-S-H - correct answer ✔Calcium Silicate Hydrate
Quicklime + Sand + Volcanic ash forms it.
known as the "Glue"
Strength of the Concrete
Ancient Greece and Rome Cements(1000-500 BCE) - correct answer ✔one
of the first to use sand in combination with quicklime àLime mortar (quicklime
+ Water + sand + volcanic ash)
Romans - correct answer ✔pioneers of the Lime-pozzolan mortar(500-0CE)!
hydraulic cement - correct answer ✔A binder that is capable of reacting with
water and stays stable under water. Continues to react withadditional
waterexposure
,Non-Hydraulic Cement - correct answer ✔Will dissolve if exposed to
moisture
Example:Gypsum cement (gypsum board) will dissolve upon exposure to
water
John Smeaton (1759) - correct answer ✔Experimented with different
limestones and Figured out that the best results were the impure, clayey
limestones. In other words, the
availability of other favorable minerals (Ca, Si, Al, etc.) resulted in better
hydraulic properties §Resulted in a hydraulic lime that Had cementitious
properties C-S-H and CH were produced à"All-In-One" product
Joseph Aspdin (1824) - correct answer ✔Patents process for making first
portland cementàHowever, no "clinkering" in this process
In other words, was not using high enough temperature to get better reactivity
from cement (No Alite C3S crystals!!) àProduct was not too different than the
Romans however, clayey limestones were used and produced a decent
quality cement
William Aspdin (1843) - correct answer ✔Improved the process of portland
cement by:
Burning at higher temps
Grinding the material down. finer material= more reactivity!!!
High lime (CaO) content
, Isaac Johnson - correct answer ✔determines the optimum proportions of
limestone and clay for portland cement which is what we base off most of
cement chemistry today!
Why is concrete used at such a large scale? - correct answer ✔Excellent
water resistance. Compared to ordinary steel or wood
Ease of formation. Can be shaped into almost any desired configuration
Low Cost. Usually made from local materials which keeps costs quite low
Cement vs. Concrete - correct answer ✔Cement is the powder that binds the
materials!!
Concrete = Cement + Rock + Sand + Water!! (End product)
Mortar - correct answer ✔= Cement + Sand + Water
Paste - correct answer ✔= Cement + Water
LISA - correct answer ✔Lime
Iron
Silica
Alumina
Raw materials required to produce cement.
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