GISP Study Guide with Complete Solutions
Geodatabase - Answer️️ -object oriented spatial model, native data
structure for ArcGIS, and is the primary data format used for storing,
editing, and managing geographic data.
Types of Geodatabases - Answer️️ -Personal, File, Enterprise, workgro...
Geodatabase - Answer✔️✔️-object oriented spatial model, native data
structure for ArcGIS, and is the primary data format used for storing,
editing, and managing geographic data.
Types of Geodatabases - Answer✔️✔️-Personal, File, Enterprise, workgroup
Types of Geodatabase datasets - Answer✔️✔️-Geometric network, network
dataset, parcel fabric, terrain dataset, LAS dataset
Distance relations - Answer✔️✔️-specifies how far is the object away from
the reference object.
Examples of distance relations - Answer✔️✔️-at, nearby, in the vicinity;far
away
Euclidean Distance - Answer✔️✔️-exact distance between two coordinates
sqrt((x1-x2)^2 + (y1+y2)^2))
Manhattan Distance - Answer✔️✔️-vertical plus horizontal distance - abs(x1-
x2)+abs(y1+y2)
Internal Direction - Answer✔️✔️-where an object is located inside the
reference object
External Direction - Answer✔️✔️-where the object is located outside of the
reference object
Spatial Model - Answer✔️✔️-basic properties and processes for a set of
spatial features
Vector Data - Answer✔️✔️-composed of points, lines, polygons
Raster - Answer✔️✔️-composed of rectangular arrays of regularly spaced
square grid cells and each cell has a value (attribute)
Pixel - Answer✔️✔️-smallest resolvable piece of scanned image-pixel is
always a cell but a cell is not always a pixel.
Temporal - Answer✔️✔️-the world is constantly changing. A static map can
only show one time period at once.
Imprecision - Answer✔️✔️-all data is taken from a 3D globe and transferred
to a 2D surface through spatial transformations (projections and datum's)
which causes distortions with the data.
Uncertainty - Answer✔️✔️-The GIS data was created/collected at a certain
point of time, may already be out of data.
Geoid - Answer✔️✔️-the shape of the earth as defined by mean sea level and
affected by topographic and gravitational factors. What the shape of the
earth would be if there were only seas and no continents.
Reference Ellipsoid - Answer✔️✔️-a mathematically defined surface that
approximates the geoid, the truer figure of the earth, or other planetary
body.
Oblate ellipsoid - Answer✔️✔️-fits the geoid to a first order approximation-
formed when an ellipse is rotated about its minor axis
Sphere - Answer✔️✔️-As can be seen from dimensions of the Earth ellipsoid,
the semi-major axis 'a' and the semi-minor axis 'b' differ only by a bit more
than 21 kilometeres
Spatial reference (SRS) or Coordinate system (CRS) - Answer✔️✔️-is
coordinate-based local, regional or global system used to locate
geographical entities
International Terrestrial Reference System (ITRS) - Answer✔️✔️-Three-
dimensional coordinate system with a well-defined origin (the center of
mass of the Earth) and three orthogonal coordinate axes (X,Y,Z)
Map projection - Answer✔️✔️-transforming coordinates from a curved earth
to a flat map
Horizontal Datum - Answer✔️✔️-model of the earth as a spheroid (2
components, reference ellipsoid and a set of survey points both the shape
of the spheroid and its position relative to the earth)
Vertical Datum - Answer✔️✔️-reference point for elevations of surfaces and
features on the Earth-could be based on tidal, sea levels, gravimetric, based
on a geoid
What kinds of things can be distorted with different map projections? -
Answer✔️✔️-Distance, direction, shape, area
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