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MSN 570 Questions and Answers
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MSN 570 Questions and Answers
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MSN 570 Questions and AnswersMI - Answer -Death of myocardium from sudden blockage of coronary artery blood flow
2. What causes cell death in MI? - Answer -unstable plaque breaks off, triggering
platelet aggregation, coagulation cascade and thrombus formation. continued no blood
flow in 10 seconds ischemia, 20 minutes cell die
3. What consequence of cell death leads to CP? - Answer -hypoxia as cannot meet cell
demand for oxygen
4. How is MI diagnosed - Answer -EKG (STEMI) or elevated Troponin (non-STEMI)
5. What might you find in blood consistent with MI? - Answer -elevated CK MB,
Troponin
6. Where does CK MB and Troponin come from? - Answer -Release of lysosomal
enzymes; CK MB detected after myocardial necrosis, Troponin released from damaged
heart muscle
7. 3 mechanism of cell injury related to reperfussion injury - Answer -ischemia, necrosis,
reperfussion l/t RAS
8. define reperfussion injury - Answer -injury that occurs after oxygen is reintroduced to
tissue perfusion
9. how does inflammatory process contribute to reperfussion injury? - Answer -as
oxygen is reintroduced it comes in contact with damaged proteins triggering
inflammatory response
10. how does oxidative process contribute to RI? - Answer -RAS causes impairment of
cell membrane and pro-apotptoic cells release. making cell unstable
11. what is primary Hypertension? - Answer -Essential or idiopathic, elevated BP
without an identified cause, accounts for 90 - 95% of all cases of hypertension?
12. what is secondary hypertension? - Answer -Elevated BP, labile BP; related to
conditions ie kidney dz; resistant to BP meds
, 13. what is significance of Ventricular hypertrophy and HTN? - Answer -persistent
hypertension leads to ventricular hypertrophy; decrease CO
14. what comorbidities/conditions does HTN cause? - Answer -stroke, ischemia, heart
failure, aneurysm, hemorrhage
15. what is preload? - Answer -volume of blood in ventricles at end of diastole
16. what is afterload? - Answer -peripheral resistance against which the left ventricle
must pump
17. hoe does HTN l/t CHF? - Answer -overwork left ventricle due to increase pressure;
decreased pumping ability of heart and decreases CO.
18. identify pathological process of gangrene? - Answer -form of coagulative necrosis;
interruption of blood flow l/t denaturing cells enzymes and bacterial invasion
19. three types of gangrene - Answer -dry, wet & gas
20. what is the major treatment approach for gangrene? - Answer -removing affective
tissue to prevent infection; treating problem that led to gangrene
21. why use antibiotic for gangrene? - Answer -to slow bacterial damage
22. What are the two major necrotic processes? - Answer -Coagulative and liquifactive
23. What is coagulative necrosis? - Answer -necrosis caused y interruption of blood flow
l/t desrease Ph, and bacterial growth
24. what is liquifactive necrosis? - Answer -Caustic enzymes dissolve and liquify
necrotic cell; cottage cheese like appearance.
25. Describe dry gangrene - Answer -hypoxia l/t ischemia l/t last of blood flow l/t
coagulative necrosis
26. Describe wet gangrene - Answer -extensive damage from bacteria with WBC's that
have invaided site produces a liquid wound
27. describe gas gangrene - Answer -Presence of clostridium (aerobic bacteria)
releases toxins and destroy surrounding cell. Most fatal.
28. Colon cancer inherited vs genetic - Answer -Colon CA inherited- occurs on gremline
Colon CA genetic occurs on somatic cells
29. Describe FAP - familial adenomatous polyposis - Answer -Gene defect on
chromosome 1 or 5; involves tumor suppressor genes, hereditary condition
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