Microbiology is the study of what? - ✔✔ANSWER✔✔-
Microbiology is the study of microbes (microorganisms
and viruses) and their biological processes.
What is the smallest biological unit of life -
ANSWER -cell
What is a macromolecule? - ✔✔ANSWER✔✔-A
macromolecule is classified as a complex molecule that is
composed from smaller subunits.
What are the four main types of macromolecules? -
ANSWER -Proteins, nucleic acids, lipids and
carbohydrates
What various functions do proteins have in a cell -
✔✔ANSWER✔✔-Proteins may facilitate the movement of
materials in or out of a cell. Some can act as enzymes that
catalyze, or speed up, biochemical processes. Others play
,a structural role while other proteins, such as filaments,
enable movement.
What are the two major types of nucleic acids and their
roles? - ANSWER -There are two major types of
nucleic acids: DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) and RNA
(ribonucleic acid). Nucleic acids are chemical molecules
that carry genetic information within the cell. DNA contains
a vast amount of hereditary information and is responsible
for the inheritable characteristics of living organisms. RNA
is responsible for deciphering the hereditary information in
DNA and using it to synthesize proteins.
What is the plasma membrane, and what is it made up of?
- ✔✔ANSWER✔✔-The plasma membrane serves the cell
as a surrounding barrier that separates the inside of the
cell from the outside surrounding environment. The
plasma membrane also restricts the movement of
materials (water, nutrients, etc) either in or out of the cell,
thus allowing a cells to absorb and keep what is needed
(influx) while also preventing the escape (out flux) of
essential nutrients. The plasma membrane is composed of
lipids (hydrophobic hydrocarbons).
What are the three main components of carbohydrates? -
ANSWER -Carbohydrates are composed of carbon,
hydrogen and oxygen atoms. Examples would include,
C6H12O6 (glucose) C12H22O11 (sucrose) and C6H10O5
(cellulose).
, What is the primary difference between prokaryotic and
eukaryotic cells? - ✔✔ANSWER✔✔-Eukaryotic cells
contain a nucleus, a membrane enclosed region within the
cell that contains the genetic material. Prokaryotic cells do
not have a nucleus and can be further classified as either
Bacteria or Archaea.
What are the main morphologies of bacteria? -
ANSWER -Bacteria can be described as coccus
(round/spherical), bacillus (rod), vibrio (curved rod) or
spirillum (spiral/corkscrew).
Which group (classification) of microbes is noted for its
ability to survive under harsh conditions? -
✔✔ANSWER✔✔-Archaea. They are able to survive in
extremely harsh environmental conditions such as high
salt levels, acid conditions, high temperatures and oxygen-
poor conditions.
What are the four main classifications of Eukarya? -
ANSWER -Eukaryotic microorganisms are
classified as either belonging to Animalia, Plantae, Fungi
or Protista.
Can viruses be classified as either prokaryotic or
eukaryotic? - ✔✔ANSWER✔✔-No. Viruses are considered
neither prokaryotic nor eukaryotic. Viruses are not
considered living and do not replicate on their own,
meaning they must replicate within a host.
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