NURS548 ADVANCED PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
MIDTERM EXAM (ACTUAL EXAM) WITH
QUESTIONS WITH VERY ELABORATED
ANSWERS CORRECTRY WELL ORGANIZED
LATEST 2024 – 2025 ALREADY GRADED A+
Right sided heart failure - ANSWERS-- Congestion of the peripheral tissues
- Causing dependent edema and ascites; GI tract congestion; liver congestion
- the GI tract congestion leads to anorexia; gi distress and weight loss
- Liver congestion leads to signs related to imparied liver function
Cardiogenic shock - ANSWERS-Heart fails to pump blood adequately
- decreasing cardiac output, lowering BP
- Sympathetic system responds
- Vasoconstriction increases resistance to blood flow
- Increased workload on heart worsens heart failure
,Stable cells - ANSWERS-Cells that normally stop dividing when growth stops. cells
in these tissues remain dormant in the G0 stage of the cell cycle. They are,
however, capable of undergoing regeneration when confronted with an
appropriate stimulus. Stable cells constitute the parenchyma of solid organs such
as the liver and kidney. They also include smooth muscle cells, vascular
endothelial cells, and fibroblasts, the proliferation is particularly important to
wound healing.
Permanent Cell - ANSWERS-Cells in the permanent tissues to not proliferate. they
are considered to be terminally differentiated and do not undergo mitotic division
in postnatal cells. They include nerve cells, skeletal muscle cells, and cardiac
muscle cells. These cells do not normally regenerate; once destroyed they are
replaced with fibrous scar tissue that lacks the functional characteristics of the
destroyed tissue.
Cell Cycle - ANSWERS-Page 72 of textbook
Proto-Oncogene - ANSWERS-Normal genes that become cancer-causing genes if
mutated. They encode for normal cell proteins such as growth factors, growth
factor receptors, transcription factors that promote cell growth, cell cycle proteins
and inhibitors of apoptosis. Proto-oncogenes are associated with gene
overactivity.
, Initiation - ANSWERS-Initial mutations occur by a carcinogenic agent such as
chemicals, radiation, or viruses causing DNA damage and cell mutation
Promotion - ANSWERS-mutated cells are stimulated to divide- activation of
oncogenes by promoter agent
Progression - ANSWERS-tumor cells compete with one another and develop more
mutations which make them more aggressive
Sequence of events in cellular response to inflammation includes leukocyte -
ANSWERS-1. margination and adhesion
2. transmigration
3. Chemotaxis
4. activation and phagocytosis
non-osseous, malignant neoplasm of tissues derived from mesoderm - ANSWERS-
Sarcoma
Benign tumor of adipose tissue - ANSWERS-lipoma
Apoptosis - ANSWERS-A form of programmed cell death that eliminates senescent
cells, DNA,, and damage or unwanted cells.
The benefits of buying summaries with Stuvia:
Guaranteed quality through customer reviews
Stuvia customers have reviewed more than 700,000 summaries. This how you know that you are buying the best documents.
Quick and easy check-out
You can quickly pay through credit card or Stuvia-credit for the summaries. There is no membership needed.
Focus on what matters
Your fellow students write the study notes themselves, which is why the documents are always reliable and up-to-date. This ensures you quickly get to the core!
Frequently asked questions
What do I get when I buy this document?
You get a PDF, available immediately after your purchase. The purchased document is accessible anytime, anywhere and indefinitely through your profile.
Satisfaction guarantee: how does it work?
Our satisfaction guarantee ensures that you always find a study document that suits you well. You fill out a form, and our customer service team takes care of the rest.
Who am I buying these notes from?
Stuvia is a marketplace, so you are not buying this document from us, but from seller NurseLNJ. Stuvia facilitates payment to the seller.
Will I be stuck with a subscription?
No, you only buy these notes for $12.99. You're not tied to anything after your purchase.
