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Final Exam CHEM 219.
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Final Exam CHEM 219.
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Final Exam CHEM 219The jspeed jof ja jwave j(c) jis jthe jproduct jof jits jfrequency j(ν) jand jwavelength j(λ). j- jANS-
E j= jhv j= jh jx jc j/ jλ
nm jto jm
or
m jto jnm j- jANS-1 jm j/ j10^9 jnm
or
10^9 jnm j/ j1 jm
What jis jthe jmaximum jnumber jof jelectrons jthat jcan jhave jthe jquantum jnumbers jn j= j3,
jℓ j= j2, jmℓ j= j-2? j- jANS-The jPauli jexclusion jprinciple jstates jthat jno jtwo jelectrons jin ja
jgiven jatom jcan jshare jthe jsame jset jof jfour jquantum jnumbers j(n, jℓ, jmℓ, jms). jThis jset
jof jquantum jnumbers jcontains jthree jquantum jnumbers, jwith jthe jonly jmissing jquantum
jnumber jbeing jms, jwhich jcan jtake jon jthe jvalues j+½ jand j-½. jTherefore, jthis jset jof
jthree jquantum jnumbers jrepresents ja jsingle jatomic jorbital, jwhich jcan jcontain jtwo
junique jelectrons: jone jwith jms j= j+½ jand jone jwith jms j= j-½.
An jexothermic jreaction jcauses jthe jsurroundings jto j- jANS-An jexothermic jreaction
jtransfers jenergy jfrom jthe jsystem jto jthe jsurroundings. jThat jtells jus jthe jsurroundings
jwill jget jwarmer.
A jtheory jis janother jword jfor ja(n) j_________. j- jANS-A jtheory jor jmodel jis ja jwell
jestablished jexplanation jof ja jphenomenon jbased jon ja jseries jof jfacts jand ja jbody jof
jevidence.
What jis jthe jdefinition jof ja jnatural jlaw? j- jANS-A jscientific jlaw jsummarizes jan
jobservable jbehavior.
The jskeletal jstructure jof ja jcomplex jorganic jmolecule jis jshown jbelow. jDetermine jthe
jnumber jof jsigma j(σ) jand jpi j(π) jbonds jin jthe jmolecule. j- jANS-Remember ja jsingle
jbond j= j1 jσ; ja jdouble jbond j= j1 jσ j+ j1 jπ; ja jtriple jbond j= j1 jσ j+ j2 jπ. jThis jmolecule
jcontains j6 jdouble jbonds, jso jthere jare j6σ jand j6π. jThere jare j28 jsingle jbonds, jso
jthere jare j28 jσ. jThis jis ja jtotal j34σ jand j6π.
strontium jphosphate j- jANS-Sr₃(PO₄)₂
Which jof jthe jfollowing jstatements jis jtrue? j- jANS-One jdriving jforce jin jthe jvaporization
jof ja jliquid jis jan jincrease jin jdisorder j(entropy). jGas jmolecules jare jmore jdisordered
jthan jliquid jmolecules. jAdding ja jnon-volatile jsolute jto ja jliquid jalso jincreases jthe
, jdisorder jof jthe jliquid jmolecules, jso jthe jdifference jin jdisorder jbetween jthe jliquid jand
jgas jphases jis jnot jas jgreat jas jwith ja jpure jsubstance. jTherefore jthe jtendency jto
jvaporize jis jnot jas jgreat jfor jthe jsolution jas jit jis jfor jthe jpure jliquid, jresulting jin ja jlower
jvapor jpressure jfor jthe jsolution.
Which jof jthe jfollowing jaqueous jsolutions jwould jhave jthe jhighest jboiling jpoint?
A) j1.0 jm jNaNO3
B) j1.0 jm jHF
C) j1.0 jm jC₆H₁₂O₆
D) j1.0 jm jCaCl2 j- jANS-The jdissolved jsolute jwill jraise jthe jboiling jpoint. jThe jmore
j"things" jthat jare jdissolved j(ions jor jmolecules), jthe jhigher jthe jboiling jpoint jwill jbe. jThe
jCaCl₂ jwill jbreak jup jinto jone jCa²⁺ jion jand jtwo jCl⁻ jions jand jthere jwill jbe ja
jconcentration jof j3.0 jm jof j"things" jin jsolution. jThe jother jchoices jwill jhave jfewer
j"things" jin jsolution jand jwill jraise jthe jboiling jpoint jless.
Which jone jof jthe jfollowing jaqueous jsolutions jwould jhave jthe jhighest jfreezing jpoint?
A) j1.0 jm jNaNO3
B) j2.0 jm jCH3OH
C) j1.0 jm jC₆H₁₂O₆
D) j1.0 jm jCaCl2 j- jANS-The jdissolved jsolute jwill jlower jthe jfreezing jpoint. jThe jmore
j"things" jthat jare jdissolved j(ions jor jmolecules), jthe jlower jthe jfreezing jpoint jwill jbe.
jSince jC₆H₁₂O₆ jis ja jmolecule, jit jwill jnot jbreak japart jand jthere jwill jonly jbe ja
jconcentration jof j1.0 jm jof jmolecules jin jsolution. jIt jwill jlower jthe jfreezing jpoint jless
jthan jall jthe jother jchoices. jThere jwill jbe jfewer j"things" jin jsolution jand jthis jwill jlower
jthe jfreezing jpoint jless jthan jthe jother jchoices.
isoelectronic jions j- jANS-ions jcontaining jthe jsame jnumber jof jelectrons
Which jof jthe jfollowing jbonds jis jthe jmost jpolar? j- jANS-Elements jthat jare jlocated jfar
jaway jfrom jeach jother jon jthe jperiodic jtable jhave jlarger jelectronegativity jdifferences
jand jtherefore jmake jmore jpolar jbonds. jOf jall jthe jelement jpairs jlisted, jRb jand jBr jare
jthe jfarthest japart.
Three jblocks jof jthe jsame jshape jand jsize jare jplaced jin jfront jof jyou. jBlock jA jhas ja
jmass jof j3.0 jg, jblock jB jis j5.0 jg, jand jblock jC jis j10.0 jg. jWhich jhas jthe jhigher jdensity?
j- jANS-Density jis jthe jratio jof jmass jto jvolume. jSince jthe jvolume jis jconstant jbetween
jall jthe jblocks, jthen jthe jblock jwith jthe jhighest jmass jwill jhave jthe jhighest jdensity.
Density jequation j- jANS-mass/volume
dRT j= jPM
The jsolubility jof ja jgas jin ja jliquid jgenerally j
A) jincreases jwith jincreasing jtemperature. j
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