Exam (elaborations)
N110 (Leon) - Parkinson-s Disease 2024( graded A+).
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N110 (Leon) - Parkinson-s Disease 2024( graded A+).
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N110 (Leon) -Parkinson's Disease
2024( graded A+)
Parkinson's Disease Epidemiology - answer -
affects 1% of adults, ~1 million ppl
- onset after 60 year old
- men 1.5x more frequent than women
- environmental exposure to weed killer Paraquat
increases vulnerability
- genetic risk
Paraquat - answer - weed killer
- environmental exposure to this increases
vulnerability for Parkinson's
Symptoms of PD - answer - olfactory (sense of
smell) loss can start 5-15 years before motor
problems
- gut dysbiosis (reduced microbial diversity)
- tremor at rest
- small handwriting (micrographia)
, - sleep problems
- constipation
- low voice
- masked face
- trouble walking, stiffness/pain in the shoulder or
hips, feet feel "stuck to the floor"
- dizziness/fainting
- stooping
- fatigue
- depression
- dementia
What goes wrong in the brain when an individual
has PD? - answer - neural activity coordinating
movement is altered:
loss of 30%-70% of dopamine neurons in the
substantia nigra
- loss of dopamine neurons --> increase inhibitory
transmitter GABA --> inhibits striata neurons -->
difficulty in movement coordination
- increase in acetylcholine --> tremors & rigidity
gut dysbiosis - answer reduced microbial diversity
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