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AQA Psychology A-Level Paper 3, AQA Psychology Relationships, AQA Psychology ALevel Paper 1, AQA Psychology A-Level Paper 2 Questions & 100% correct Answers- Latest Test | Graded A+ | Passed

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restoritive justice Ξ -:- A method of reducing and atoning for offending behaviour through reconciliation between offender and victim, as well as the wider community Aims of restorative Justice Ξ -:- - Rehabilitation of offenders - Atonement for wrong doing - Changing the victim's perspect...

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E x c e l l e n c e i s k e y | 2 0 2 0 2 5 ~ P a g e |1




AQA Psychology A-Level Paper 3, AQA
Psychology Relationships, AQA Psychology A-
Level Paper 1, AQA Psychology A-Level Paper 2
Questions & 100% correct Answers- Latest Test |
Graded A+ | Passed
restoritive justice

Ξ -:- A method of reducing and atoning for offending behaviour through

reconciliation between offender and victim, as well as the wider community



Aims of restorative Justice

Ξ -:- - Rehabilitation of offenders

- Atonement for wrong doing

- Changing the victim's perspective



Rehabilitation of offenders (aims of restorative justice)

Ξ -:- The victim has the opportunity to explain the real impact of the crime and this

enables the offender to understand the effects on the victim



Atonement for wrongdoing (aims of restorative justice)

Ξ -:- Offenders may offer concrete compensation for the crime such as money or

community work. The psychological process of guilt allows offender to show an understanding

of their effects



Victim's perspective (aims of restorative justice)

Ξ -:- Can reduce the sense of victimisation because they are no longer powerless and

have a voice and may grow to understand the offender




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A theory of restorative justice

Ξ -:- Wachtel and McCold (2003)- relationships rather than punishment



Peace Circles

Ξ -:- Groups in communities where victims and offenders alike can come to enable

mutual understanding



Evaluation of restorative justice programmes

Ξ -:- - 85% satisfaction ratings from victims in restorative justice programs (UK

Restorative justice council)



- Sherman and Strang reviewed 20 studies about face to face victim offender meetings in USA UK
and Australia and found all studies showed reduced offending



- Offenders want to avoid punishment of seeing their victim so this may act as a deterent



- Cannot work for all offenders, some victims may decline the offer, offender may have not
admitted to crime



- ethical issues of victim facing their offending e.g. victim facing their rapist may not be appropriate



Anger Management

Ξ -:- A form of cognitive behavioural therapy specific to changing the way a person

manages their anger.



Cognitive Restructring

Ξ -:- Anger Management technique used to allow offender to control cognitive

dimensions of anger and gain greater self awareness (Novaco)



Regulation of arousal



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, E x c e l l e n c e i s k e y | 2 0 2 0 2 5 ~ P a g e |3


Ξ -:- Anger Management technique used to allow offender to learn to control the

physiological state. (Novaco)



Behavioural Strategies

Ξ -:- Anger Management technique used to allow offender to develop problem

solving skills such as strategic withdrawal of the situation and assertiveness (Novaco)



Key Aim of Anger Management

Ξ -:- Novaco -



Cognitive Restructring

Regulation of Arousal

Behavioural Strategies



Stress inoculation model

Ξ -:- Based on Novaco's Work



Cognitive preparation

Skill acquisition

Application Training



Cognitive preparation (Anger Management)

Ξ -:- Offenders learn about anger generally, how it can be both adaptive and

nonadaptive. Offenders analyse own behaviour patterns and identify situations which provoke

them



Skill acquisition (Anger Management)




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, E x c e l l e n c e i s k e y | 2 0 2 0 2 5 ~ P a g e |4


Ξ -:- Offenders are taught various skills to help manage anger, such as self-regulation

and cognitive flexibility, relaxation and better communication skills



Application Training (Anger Management)

Ξ -:- Offenders practice skills they have learned in controlled environments such as

role-play.



Anger Management is a type of

Ξ -:- Cognitive Behavioural Therapy



Evaluation of Anger Management

Ξ -:- - Novaco reported 75% success rates in anger management after 6 meta analysis



- issues with methodologies e.g. some anger management programs span a few days some span
years, some are run by psychologists some are run by prison staff



- CBT does not work for people who do not have the readiness to change



-Anger Management focuses on short term goals rather than long term goals



- Offenders equate their violent behaviour to anger rather than taking personal responsibility



- It is argued if anger and crime are linked



token economy

Ξ -:- a form of behaviour therapy in which clients are given "tokens" for desired

behaviours, which they can later trade for rewards



token economy reinforcement




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