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VCLA EXAM STUDY GUIDE
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VCLA EXAM STUDY GUIDE
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VCLA EXAM STUDY GUIDEContext Clues - Answers -Using the "___________" To determine the meaning of a
word with Multiple meanings
Familiar word - Answers -Use a familiar word in a context that is not so familiar., Use a
familiar word in a context that is not so familiar.
Punctuation mark use - Answers -Besides actual clue words, context hints can also
come from punctuation marks like commas or dashes.
Main Idea - Answers -Identify the Stated Main Idea of a Paragraph or Passage
Expository Writting - Answers -Writing that explains - the main idea of a passage is
usually stated in the passage; it is explicit. Frequently, it will be stated as the first
sentence of the passage or at the end of the introduction.
Own writting or User writting - Answers -In your own writing, you may have learned to
call this main idea a topic statement.
Stated Main Idea - Answers -In order to draw an inference, the reader must use past
knowledge plus the facts and opinions of the writer. Keep the main idea in mind as you
read, and determine whether or not you can conclude the same ideas as those of the
writer.
Also, and, besides, again - Answers -A word, phrase, sentence adds to the content of
the preceding one.
In fact, in other words, obviously, of course, too, evidently - Answers -A word, phrase,
sentence clarifies the content of the preceding one.
Also, likewise, similar, by the same token - Answers -A phrase/sentence indicates a
comparison to the preceding one.
Although, but, however, in contrast, nevertheless, yet, on the contrary, on the other
hand - Answers -A phrase/sentence indicates contrast to the preceding one.
for example, to illustrate, for instance, thus, that is - Answers -A phrase/sentence
provides an example of a preceding generalization.
below, above, near, next to, opposite, elsewhere, within - Answers -A phrase/sentence
shows location or spatial order.
because, as a result of - Answers -A phrase/sentence shows cause and effect.
to conclude, in short to summarize - Answers -A phrase/sentence summarizes.
,After, at that time, before, during, while, at last, now, first, second, immediately -
Answers -A phrase/sentence shows time order.
Signal Words - Answers -alert the reader to the relationships intended.
Adjacent Sentences Clues - Answers -Using adjoining sentences to present adjoining
definition
Luminosity - Answers -Emission of light
Contingency Fund - Answers -Cash that is set aside for unexpected needs of the
business. Emergency money
valid - Answers -founded on fact or evidence
invalid - Answers -not good enough; not correct
analogy - Answers -an inference that if things agree in some respects they probably
agree in others
sumarize - Answers -Make a big "chuck" of information smaller.
outline - Answers -describe roughly or briefly or give the main points or summary of
Outlines - Answers -helpful tools that organize information in visual way to better
understand concepts.
mapping - Answers -the process of linking content from one terminology or classification
scheme to another
qualitative descriptions - Answers -qualities or characteristics such as color, texture,
heat changes, form of material
quantitative descriptions - Answers -How much of of the results of one of one treatment
differ from another
classification - Answers -the process of grouping things based on their similarities
Estimation - Answers -method of making an educated guess at a measurement
comparison - Answers -relation based on similarities and differences
tables - Answers -A simple way to organize information using rows and columns to align
data in an easy-to-read format.
, graphs - Answers -Charts that represent data (Ex: Pie, Bar, Line)
maps - Answers -provide info about specific geographic location; look for a legend with
symbols, compass, and scale
illustrations - Answers -Drawings, photographs, maps, graphs, tables, charts, cartoons,
etc. in an article
pictograph - Answers -a graph that uses pictures to show and compare information
bar graph - Answers -a graph that uses horizontal or vertical bars to display data
line graph - Answers -a graph that uses one or more lines to show changes in statistics
over time or space
circle graph - Answers -A graph of data where the entire circle represents the whole or
100%
scatter plot - Answers -a graph with points plotted to show a possible relationship
between two sets of data.
steam and leaf plots - Answers -graphs the frequencies of quantitative variables like a
frequency histogram turned on its side.
histograms - Answers -A graph that uses bars to represent the frequency of numerical
data that has been organized into intervals
values - Answers -Shared beliefs about what is good or bad, right or wrong, desirable or
undesirable
audience needs - Answers -what the audience needs to learn/needs to know
constrains - Answers -limits or restrict
demographic information - Answers -The "person" characteristics (age, sex, race, and
occupation)-- of descriptive epidemiology used to characterize the population at risk,
Information relevant to population statistics such as age, cultural group, place of birth,
religion, and the like
unity - Answers -quality of a piece of writing (also see coherence)
coherence - Answers -quality of a piece of writing in which all the parts contribute to the
development of the central idea, theme, or organizing principle
focus - Answers -The center of interest or attention.
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