Survey of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry Final Exam Questions with Correct Answers
12 views 0 purchase
Course
Organic Chemistry
Institution
Organic Chemistry
Organic Chemistry - Answer-the study of compounds that contain the element carbon
Methane - Answer-the main component of natural gas
Ethanol - Answer-the alcohol present in alcoholic beverages
Heteroatom - Answer-any atom that is not carbon or hydrogen
VSEPR Theory - Answer-the most sta...
Survey of Organic Chemistry and
Biochemistry Final Exam Questions with
Correct Answers
Organic Chemistry - Answer-the study of compounds that contain the element carbon
Methane - Answer-the main component of natural gas
Ethanol - Answer-the alcohol present in alcoholic beverages
Heteroatom - Answer-any atom that is not carbon or hydrogen
VSEPR Theory - Answer-the most stable arrangement keeps the groups on a central
atom as far away from each other as possible
Linear - Answer-atom surrounded by two groups and has a bond angle of 180
Trigonal Planar - Answer-an atom surrounded by three groups and has a bond angle of
120
Tetrahedral - Answer-an atom surrounded by four groups and has bond angles of 109.5
Functional Group - Answer-an atom or group of atoms with characteristic chemical and
physical properties; contains a heteroatom, a multiple bond, or sometimes both
Hydrocarbons - Answer-compounds that contain only carbon and hydrogen
Alkanes - Answer-only C-C single bonds and no functional group
-contain only nonpolar C-C and C-H bonds
-exhibit only weak intermolecular forces, so they have low melting points and boiling
points
-gases at room temperature, whereas larger alkanes are liquids
-insoluble in water
-less dense than water, meaning that they will float on the surface of water
Alkenes - Answer-have a C-C double bond as their functional group
Alkynes - Answer-have a C-C triple bond as their functional group
Aromatic Compounds - Answer-hydrocarbons contain a benzene ring, a six-membered
ring with three double bonds
,Vitamins - Answer-organic compounds needed in small amounts for normal cell
function; cannot be synthesized by the body and must be obtained in the diet
-either water soluble or fat soluble
-stored in adipose cells
Fat-Soluble Vitamin - Answer-dissolves in an organic solvent but is insoluble in water;
have many C-C and C-H bonds and few polar functional groups
Water-Soluble Vitamin - Answer-dissolves in water; have many polar bonds
Solubility - Answer-"like dissolves like"
-most organic compounds are soluble in organic solvents
-hydrocarbons and other non polar organic compounds are insoluble in water
-polar organic compounds are water soluble only if they are small and contain an N or O
atom that can hydrogen bond with water
Polarity - Answer--if individual polar bonds (dipoles) cancel in a molecule, the molecule
is non polar
-if individual bond dipoles do not cancel, the molecule is polar
-a covalent bond is polar when atoms of different electronegativity are bonded
Carboxylic Acid - Answer-contains an OH group directly bonded to the carbonyl carbon
Ester - Answer-contains an OR group directly bonded to the carbonyl carbon
Organic Compounds - Answer--composed of covalent bonds only
-exist as discrete molecules with much weaker intermolecular forces
-have lower boiling points and melting points
-tend to be liquids or gases at room temperature
Cycloalkanes - Answer-contain C atoms joined in one or more rings
Isomers - Answer-two different compounds with the same molecular formula
Constitutional Isomers - Answer-differ in the way the atoms are connected to each other
-as the number of C atoms increases, the number of possible isomers increases
IUPAC - Answer-International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry; a system of
naming organic compounds
Combustion - Answer--oxidation-reduction reaction
-alkanes burn in the presence of O2 gas to form CO2 and H2O
-products are the same
Incomplete Combustion - Answer-produces CO instead of CO2
,Halogenation - Answer--the reaction of an alkane with a halogen
-forms an alkyl halide (RCl or RBr) and a hydrogen halide (HCl or HBr)
-substitution reaction, an atom is replaced by another atom or group of atoms
Alkenes and Alkynes Properties - Answer--composed of nonpolar bonds
-low melting and boiling points and are insoluble in water
-unsaturated hydrocarbons because they contain fewer than the maximum number of H
atoms per C
Dienes - Answer-compounds with two double bonds
Fatty Acids - Answer--carboxylic acids (RCOOH) with long carbon chains of 12-20
carbon atoms
-naturally occurring animal fats and vegetable oils are formed from fatty acids
Saturated Fatty Acids - Answer-have no double bonds in their long hydrocarbon chains
-a diet rich in this is unhealthy
Unsaturated Fatty Acids - Answer-have one or more double bonds in their long
hydrocarbon chains
-most naturally occurring are liquids at room temperature
Fats - Answer-generally formed from fatty acids having few double bonds; they are
solids at room temp
Oils - Answer-generally formed from fatty acids having a larger number of double
bonds; they are liquid at room temp
Tamoxifen - Answer-used in the treatment of breast cancers that require estrogen for
growth
Addition Reactions - Answer-new groups X and Y are added to the alkene; one bond of
the double bond is broken and two new single bonds are formed
Hydrogenation - Answer-the addition of H2 to an alkene; metal catalyst Pd speeds up
this reaction; product is an alkane
Hydrohalogenation - Answer-the addition of HX (HCl or HBr) to an alkene; product is an
alkyl halide
Asymmetrical Alkene - Answer-two possible products can be formed called
constitutional isomers
Markovnikov's Rule - Answer-the H atom of H-X will bond to the less substituted C atom
in the C═C double bond; the C in the double bond with the most H's will bond to the H
atom of H-X
, Hydration - Answer-addition of water to an alkene; requires a strong acid such as
H2SO4; forms an alcohol as a product
Butter - Answer-made up of saturated fatty acid chains
-created by partial hydrogenation
Trans Fatty Acids - Answer--similar in shape to saturated fatty acids
-left by some partial hydrogenations on fatty acid chain
-just as unhealthy as saturated fatty acids
Polymers - Answer-large molecules made up of repeating units of smaller molecules
(monomers) covalently bonded together
Polymerization - Answer-the monomer C═C double bonds are broken and single bonds
linking the monomers together are formed
Aromatic Compound Arrangements - Answer-each representation has the same
arrangement of atoms, but different locations of electrons
-resonance structures
-do not undergo the addition reactions that characterize alkenes
-undergo substitution reactions primarily
Substitution Reactions - Answer-reaction in which an atom is
replaced by another atom or group of atoms
Chlorination Reaction - Answer-a Cl atom substitutes for a hydrogen atom on the
benzene ring
-pesticide DDT is formed
Nitration Reaction - Answer--substitution of a nitro group (NO2) for a hydrogen
-benzene reacts with nitric acid (HNO3) in the presence of sulfuric acid (H2SO4) to form
nitrobenzene
Sulfonation Reaction - Answer-benzene reacts with SO3 in the presence of H2SO4
such that a SO3H group substitutes for a hydrogen atom on the benzene ring
-synthetic detergent is a product
Alcohols - Answer--contains an OH (hydroxyl) group
-classified by the number of C atoms bonded to the C with the OH group
-bent shape, with a bond angle of 109.5o
-has a net dipole
-capable of intermolecular hydrogen bonding - stronger intermolecular forces than
alkanes and alkenes
-have higher boiling and melting points than hydrocarbons
-soluble in organic solvents
The benefits of buying summaries with Stuvia:
Guaranteed quality through customer reviews
Stuvia customers have reviewed more than 700,000 summaries. This how you know that you are buying the best documents.
Quick and easy check-out
You can quickly pay through credit card or Stuvia-credit for the summaries. There is no membership needed.
Focus on what matters
Your fellow students write the study notes themselves, which is why the documents are always reliable and up-to-date. This ensures you quickly get to the core!
Frequently asked questions
What do I get when I buy this document?
You get a PDF, available immediately after your purchase. The purchased document is accessible anytime, anywhere and indefinitely through your profile.
Satisfaction guarantee: how does it work?
Our satisfaction guarantee ensures that you always find a study document that suits you well. You fill out a form, and our customer service team takes care of the rest.
Who am I buying these notes from?
Stuvia is a marketplace, so you are not buying this document from us, but from seller lectknancy. Stuvia facilitates payment to the seller.
Will I be stuck with a subscription?
No, you only buy these notes for $20.49. You're not tied to anything after your purchase.
