The element present in all organic molecules is - Answer-carbon
The complexity and variety of organic molecules is due to - Answer-the chemical versatility of carbon atoms.
The experimental approach taken in current biological investigations presumes that - Answer-living organisms can be unde...
Chapter 4 Test Bank Exam Questions
and Answers
The element present in all organic molecules is - Answer-carbon
The complexity and variety of organic molecules is due to - Answer-the chemical
versatility of carbon atoms.
The experimental approach taken in current biological investigations presumes that -
Answer-living organisms can be understood in terms of the same physical and chemical
laws that can be used to explain all natural phenomena.
Differences among organisms are caused by - Answer-differences in the types and
relative amounts of organic molecules synthesized by each organism.
Which of the following people was the first to synthesize an organic compound, urea,
from inorganic starting materials? - Answer-Friedrich Wohler
Stanley Miller's 1953 experiments proved that - Answer-organic molecules can be
synthesized abiotically under conditions that may have existed on early Earth.
Hermann Kolbe's synthesis of an organic compound, acetic acid, from inorganic
substances that had been prepared directly from pure elements was a significant
milestone for what reason? - Answer-It proved that organic compounds could be
synthesized from inorganic compounds and disproved the concept of vitalism.
Stanley Miller's 1953 experiments assumed that early Earth's atmosphere contained -
Answer-ammonia, methane, hydrogen gas, and water vapor.
When Stanley Miller applied heat and electrical sparks to a mixture of simple inorganic
compounds such as methane, hydrogen gas, ammonia, and water vapor, what
compounds were produced? - Answer-both simple organic compounds and more
complex organic compounds such as amino acids and hydrocarbons
How many electron pairs does carbon share in order to complete its valence shell? -
Answer-4
A carbon atom is most likely to form what kind of bond(s) with other atoms? - Answer-
covalent
Which of the following statements best describes the carbon atoms present in a seed-
eating bird? - Answer-They were incorporated into organic molecules by plants, they
were processed into sugars through photosynthesis, and they are ultimately derived
from carbon dioxide.
, Which of the following statements best describes the carbon atoms present in a seed-
eating bird? - Answer-The carbon atoms ultimately came from carbon dioxide
incorporated into sugars through photosynthesis.
Why are hydrocarbons insoluble in water? - Answer-The majority of their bonds are
nonpolar covalent carbon-to-hydrogen linkages.
How many structural isomers are possible for a substance having the molecular formula
C₄H₁₀? - Answer-2
Which of the following statements correctly describes cis-trans isomers? - Answer-They
have variations in arrangement around a double bond.
Research indicates that ibuprofen, a drug used to relieve inflammation and pain, is a
mixture of two enantiomers; that is, molecules that - Answer-are mirror images of one
another.
What determines whether a carbon atom's covalent bonds to other atoms are in a
tetrahedral configuration or a planar configuration? - Answer-the presence or absence
of double bonds between the carbon atom and other atoms
Compared to a hydrocarbon chain where all the carbon atoms are linked by single
bonds, a hydrocarbon chain with the same number of carbon atoms, but with one or
more double bonds, will - Answer-be more constrained in structure.
Organic molecules with only hydrogens and five carbon atoms can have different
structures in all of the following ways except - Answer-by forming enantiomers.
A compound contains hydroxyl groups as its predominant functional group. Which of the
following statements is true concerning this compound? - Answer-It should dissolve in
water.
Which of the following is a false statement concerning amino groups? - Answer-They
are nonpolar.
Which two functional groups are always found in amino acids? - Answer-carboxyl and
amino
Amino acids are acids because they always possess which functional group? - Answer-
carboxyl
A carbon skeleton is covalently bonded to both an amino group and a carboxyl group.
When placed in water it - Answer-would function as both an acid and a base.
Which functional groups can act as acids? - Answer-carboxyl and phosphate
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