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Unit 1 MN 551 Patho, Unit2 MN551 Patho, Unit3Patho
Unit 1 MN 551 Patho, Unit2 MN551 patho, Unit3Patho
Exam (elaborations)
Unit 1 mn 551 patho, unit2 mn551 patho, unit3patho, unit 4 patho, unit 5 patho mn551, unit 6 patho, unit 7 mn 551 patho, unit 8 mn 551 patho, unit 9 patho 551, mn 553 unit 1 with complete solution
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Unit 1 MN 551 Patho, Unit2 MN551 patho, Unit3Patho
Institution
Unit 1 MN 551 Patho, Unit2 MN551 Patho, Unit3Patho
Unit 1 mn 551 patho, unit2 mn551 patho, unit3patho, unit 4 patho, unit 5 patho mn551, unit 6 patho, unit 7 mn 551 patho, unit 8 mn 551 patho, unit 9 patho 551, mn 553 unit 1 with complete solution
Unit 1 MN 551 Patho, Unit2 MN551 patho, Unit3Patho, Unit 4 Patho, Unit
Patho MN551, Unit 6 Patho, Unit 7 MN 551 Patho, UNIT 8 MN 551 patho, Un
Patho 551, MN 553 unit 1
1. The family of a 68-year-old man who is in the end stages of small cell lung
cancer is distraught at his visible body wasting that has worsened in
recent weeks. Which of the following phenomena best accounts for the
patient's anorexia and cachexia?: Products of the tumor itself as well as a
hypermetabolic state cause cachexia
2. A child possesses a trait that is the result of the interaction of two different
genes, neither of which could have produced the trait independently.
Which of the following explanations best captures the genetic explanation
for this?: The outcome is the result of the interaction between collaborative
genes.
3. A 45-year-old patient who experienced exposure to radiation during an
industrial accident several years prior is being assessed. Which of the
following phenomena may underlie the genetic changes that have been
noted in the patient?: Base pairs may have been rearranged by the radiation
exposure.
4. Which of the following pregnant women has most likely encountered the
greatest increase in the risk that her child will have a fetal anomaly?: A
woman who has herpes simplex and recently recovered from endocarditis
5. The nurse practitioner is providing care for a patient with a diagnosis of
cirrhosis, and he notes that the patient's sclerae are jaundiced. The nurse
practitioner recalls that jaundice is caused by excess accumulation of
bilirubin, a pigment that can accumulate in which part of the cell?:
Cytoplasm
6. A patient who has a diagnosis of lung cancer is scheduled to begin
radiation treatment. The NP providing pretreatment education is
explaining some of the potential unwanted effects of the treatment. Which
of the following statements by the nurse is most accurate?: "Some patients
experience longer-term irritation of skin adjacent to the treatment site."
7. A male patient of a nurse practitioner has an autosomal dominant
disorder. The patient and his partner are considering starting a family.
Which of the patient's following statements indicates the patient has an
adequate understanding of the genetic basis of this health problem?: "I
know that a single mutant allele is to blame for the health problem."
8. A group of researchers has identified that the prevalence of two particular
genetic disorders share a statistical correlation. Which of the following
statements best conveys the genetic rationale for this situation?: The
, genes causing each disorder are likely in the same section of the same
chromosome.
9. The NP is working with a family whose daughter has been recently
diagnosed with the chromosomal disorder Turner syndrome. The NP
would recognize that which of the following statements about the
characteristics of human chromosomes is accurate?: Autosomes contain
the determination of an individual's sex.
10. The NP is teaching a group of older adults about the value of including
foods containing antioxidants in their diet. Which of the following
statements best captures the rationale underlying the NPs advice?:
Antioxidants inhibit the actions of reactive oxygen species (ROS).
11. Which target of both chemotherapy and radiation treatment accounts for
adverse as well as therapeutic effects?: Rapidly proliferating cells
12. Which of the following patients of a primary care nurse practitioner would
not require extra screening for cancer?: A 38-year-old female with Down
syndrome and congenital scoliosis
13. A 7-year-old boy is admitted to the hospital with a suspected diagnosis of
lead toxicity. Which of the following assessment findings is most
congruent with the patient's diagnosis? hi: Hemoglobin 9.9 g/dL
14. The NP is providing care for a 21-year-old female patient with gas
gangrene of a compound fracture in her arm. Which of the following
assessment findings would the nurse most reasonably expect to find
when caring for a patient with a diagnosis of gas gangrene?: Spreading
edema
15. A community health nurse practitioner is teaching a group of female high
school students about the importance of regular Papanicolaou (Pap)
smears. The nurse recognizes that which of the following items underlies
the rationale for this teaching?: Cancer of the uterine cervix develops
incrementally at a cellular level.
16. Which of the following statements most accurately conveys an aspect of
cell injury due to impaired calcium homeostasis?: Injured cells tend to
accumulate calcium.
17. A woman is surprised to read on the Internet that certain infections can
cause cancer and has sought clarification from her nurse practitioner
during an office visit. How can the NP best respond to the woman's
query?: "There are many viruses, but only a very few of them have been shown
to cause cancer in humans."
, Unit 1 MN 551 Patho, Unit2 MN551 patho, Unit3Patho, Unit 4 Patho, Unit
Patho MN551, Unit 6 Patho, Unit 7 MN 551 Patho, UNIT 8 MN 551 patho, Un
Patho 551, MN 553 unit 1
18. The nurse practitioner working in occupational health has been asked to
speak to a group of factory workers about the importance of wearing
gloves when working with strong chemicals such as turpentine and paint
thinner. Which of the following characteristics of cell membranes
underlies the nurse's teaching?: Cell membranes are impermeable to all but
lipid-soluble substances.
19. A 6-year-old girl with a diagnosis of Marfan syndrome is being assessed
at a community health clinic. Which of the following assessments would
be the health care professional's lowest priority?: Tests of kidney function
20. A nurse practitioner employed in a hospitalist notices that a patient is
experiencing muscle atrophy following 2 weeks in traction after a motor
vehicle accident. Which of the following factors has most likely
contributed to the atrophy of the patient's muscle cells?: A reduction of
skeletal muscle use secondary to the traction treatment
21. A nurse practitioner is educating a patient with a recent diagnosis of
diabetes about the roles that glucose and insulin play in the disease
pathology and the fact that glucose must enter the cell in order to provide
energy for the patient. The nurse practitioner knows that which of the
following processes allows glucose to enter body cells: Facilitated diffusion
22. A researcher is involved in the production of insulin through recombinant
DNA technology. Which of the following statements could the researcher
best provide as a rationale for her work?: The gene fragment responsible for
insulin production can be isolated and reproduced.
23. A student nurse practitioner asks her preceptor about the origins of
different tissues, and their cellular origins during the process of
development. Which of the following statements by the preceptor best
describes the process of cell differentiation?: "A fertilized ovum undergoes
a series of divisions, yielding many different cell types."
24. A 77-year-old male patient with a diagnosis of stomach cancer has been
found to have metastases in his liver. The patient and his family are
surprised at this turn of events, stating that they don't see how he could
have developed cancer in his liver. Which of the following facts would
underlie the reply that the care team provides?: The portal circulatory
system brings venous blood from the gastrointestinal tract into the liver.
25. The nurse practitioner is seeing a client who has an acute exacerbation of
Crohn's disease. The NP recognizes the fact that the disease involves the
inflammation and irritation of the intestinal lining. Which of the following
, types of tissue is most likely involved in the patient's pathology?: Simple
columnar epithelium
26. An infant who is four days postpartum has been diagnosed with a single-
gene disorder. The parents of the child have a number of questions about
the etiology of the health problem, which the physician is attempting to
address in detail. Which of the following teaching points most accurately
captures an aspect of single-gene congenital disorders?: A particular
defect can be caused by mutations at one of several different loci.
27. Following a biopsy, a 54-year-old man has been diagnosed as having a
benign neoplastic tumor. Which of the following characteristics most
likely applies to his tumor?: The well-differentiated neoplastic cells are
clustered together in a single mass.
28. As part of an orientation to a genetic counseling practice, a group of
medical students is differentiating between autosomal recessive
disorders and autosomal dominant disorders. Which of the following
statements is true of autosomal recessive disorders?: They tend to have a
more uniform symptomatology than autosomal dominant disorders.
29. A nurse practitioner employed in the emergency department admits a
patient who has experienced severe frostbite to his hands and toes after
becoming lost on a ski trail. The NP recognizes that which of the following
phenomena has caused the tissue damage?: Decreased blood flow has
induced hypoxia.
30. A new older female patient at a long-term care facility has a diagnosis of
type 1 neurofibromatosis (NF-1). As part of the intake assessment
protocol for the facility, the clinical educator is teaching the care staff
about the diagnosis. Which of the following statements most accurately
conveys an aspect of neurofibromatosis?: "Her diagnosis puts her at higher
risk of developing a malignant neoplasm."
31. Cytoplasm: composed of water, proteins, neutral fats, and glycogen.
32. Eukatyote: an organism made up of cells that have a nucleus and membrane-
bound organelles
33. Prokaryote: unicellular organism that lacks a nucleus
34. DNA: within the nucleus, which serves as the template for making all the RNA
35. RNA: later used to direct the synthesis of proteins in the cytoplasm.
36. Ribosomes: site of protein synthesis
37. Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum: An internal membrane system with
ribosomes on its surface where proteins are assembled
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